设计模式6-工厂模式_6工厂设计模式-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43822082/article/details/101161022

工厂模式属于对象创建模式.
通过 "对象创建"模式绕开new,避免对象创建(new)导致的紧耦合,从而支持对象创建的稳定.它是接口抽象之后的第一步工作.

典型的对象创建模式:

Factory Method
Abstract Factory
Prototype
Builder

本文介绍工厂模式.

实例

考虑一个窗口程序,在按键按下的时候执行文件分割的操作.

class FileSplitter{
public:
    void Split(){
    //do split
    }
};
class MainForm: public Form{
public:
    void OnButtonClick(){
        FileSplitter* file_splitter=new FileSplitter();//依赖具体类
        file_splitter->Split();   
 }

};

考虑到FileSplitter是比较容易改变的,可以定义一个文件分类的接口类,然后通过继承实现对其他类型文件的分割,MainForm类的指针也变为接口类的指针.
各种FileSplitter类

class FileSplitterInterface{
public:
    virtual  void Split()=0;
    virtual ~FileSplitterInterface(){ }
};

class TxtSplitter:public FileSplitterInterface{
public:
    virtual void  Split(){
        //do tex split
    }

};
class BinarySplitter:public FileSplitterInterface{
public:
    virtual void  Split(){
    //do binary split
    }
};
class PictureSplitter:public FileSplitterInterface{
    //do pic split
    virtual void Split(){}

};
class VideoSpitter:public FileSplitterInterface{
    //do video split
    virtual void Split(){ }

};

MainForm::OnButtonClick函数中依赖具体的FileSplitter实现,这个依赖是不好的,我们希望把这个依赖干掉,应该依赖的抽象,而不是实现细节,我们希望MainForm类仅依赖抽象.

首先我们考虑如下的设计方式,利用一个类的成员函数来创建对象.

class SplitterFactory{
public:
    FileSplitterInterface* CreatFileSpilitter(){
        return new TxtSplitter();//具体的实现细节
    }
}; 
class MainForm: public Form{
public:
    void OnButtonClick(){
        SplitterFactory spliter_factory;
        FileSplitterInterface* file_splitter=spliter_factory.CreatFileSpilitter();
        file_splitter->Split();    

    }
};

这样的处理MainForm还是依赖于具体的实现细节,但是给了我们优化的方向,要想让MainForm只依赖抽象,我们需要把CreatFileSpilitter()变成虚函数,SplitterFactory变成抽象基类.

class MainForm: public Form{
private:
    SplitterFactory* spliter_factory_;

public:
    MainForm( SplitterFactory* spliter_factory):spliter_factory_(spliter_factory){

    }
    void OnButtonClick(){
        FileSplitterInterface* file_splitter=spliter_factory_->CreatFileSpilitter();
        file_splitter->Split();       

    }
};

//工厂
class SplitterFactory{
public:
   virtual FileSplitterInterface* CreatFileSpilitter()=0;
   virtual ~SplitterFactory(){}
       
}; 

//具体工厂
class TxtSplitterFactory:public SplitterFactory{
public:
     virtual FileSplitterInterface* CreatFileSpilitter(){
         return new TxtSplitter(); 
     }

};
class BinarySplitterFactory:public SplitterFactory{
public:
    virtual FileSplitterInterface* CreatFileSpilitter(){
         return new BinarySplitter(); 
     }
};
class PictureSplitterFactory:public SplitterFactory{
public:
    virtual FileSplitterInterface* CreatFileSpilitter(){
         return new PictureSplitter(); 
     }
    
};
class VideoSpitterFactory:public SplitterFactory{
public:
    virtual FileSplitterInterface* CreatFileSpilitter(){
         return new VideoSpitter(); 
     }
};