王雪松
学号379 原创作品,转载请注明出处。
本实验资源来自 https://github.com/mengning/linuxkernel/
环境搭建
安装模拟处理器qemu
sudo apt-get install qemu # install QEMU
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/qemu-system-i386 /usr/bin/qemu
下载编译linux源码
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.9.4.tar.xz # download Linux Kernel 3.9.4 source code
wget https://raw.github.com/mengning/mykernel/master/mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch # download mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch
xz -d linux-3.9.4.tar.xz
tar -xvf linux-3.9.4.tar
cd linux-3.9.4
patch -p1 < …/mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch
make allnoconfig
make
make的时候可能遇到如下情况:
解决方法是在usr/src/linux-headers-x.x.x-xx-generic/include/linux/compiler -gcc.h复制到将要编译的内核源码的相应位置
实验步骤
qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage 可以看到my_start_kernel在执行,my_timer_handler时钟中断处理程序周期性执行。
cd mykernel #可以看到mymain.c和myinterrupt.c有窗口中输出的内容
接下来要在mymain.c中加入进程描述PCB和进程管理的代码,在myinterrupt.c中完成进程切换的代码
代码分析
代码来自孟宁老师的主页上获取源码 https://github.com/mengning/mykernel
将mypcb.h,myinterrupt.c,和mymain.c放入mykernel中,然后重新make一次
mypcb.h
#define MAX_TASK_NUM 4
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE 1024*2 # unsigned long
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread {
unsigned long ip;
unsigned long sp;
};
typedef struct PCB{
int pid;
volatile long state; /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
unsigned long stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread thread;
unsigned long task_entry;
struct PCB *next;
}tPCB;
void my_schedule(void);
这是一个定义进程控制块结构的头文件
MAX_TASK_NUM 4 定义了最大任务数
KERNEL_STACK_SIZE 1024*2 定义了每个进程的堆栈空间的大小
Thread中ip记录下一条指令,sp指向栈顶。
PCB里pid记录进程,state记录状态,thread线程以及next指针,可以形成pcb链。
mymain.c
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include "mypcb.h"
tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
tPCB * my_current_task = NULL;
volatile int my_need_sched = 0;
void my_process(void);
void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
int pid = 0;
int i;
/* Initialize process 0*/
task[pid].pid = pid;
task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[pid].next = &task[pid];
/*fork more process */
for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
{
memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
task[i].pid = i;
//*(&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1] - 1) = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)(&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1]);
task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
task[i-1].next = &task[i];
}
/* start process 0 by task[0] */
pid = 0;
my_current_task = &task[pid];
asm volatile(
"movl %1,%%esp\n\t" /* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
"pushl %1\n\t" /* push ebp */
"pushl %0\n\t" /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
"ret\n\t" /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
:
: "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp) /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
);
}
int i = 0;
void my_process(void)
{
while(1)
{
i++;
if(i%10000000 == 0)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
if(my_need_sched == 1)
{
my_need_sched = 0;
my_schedule();
}
printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
}
}
}
首先__init my_start_kernel初始化内核,初试化0号进程,并再fork更多的进程,构造pcb链,然后开始运行0号进程。
myinterrupt.c
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include "mypcb.h"
extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0;
/*
* Called by timer interrupt.
* it runs in the name of current running process,
* so it use kernel stack of current running process
*/
void my_timer_handler(void)
{
#if 1
if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
my_need_sched = 1;
}
time_count ++ ;
#endif
return;
}
void my_schedule(void)
{
tPCB * next;
tPCB * prev;
if(my_current_task == NULL
|| my_current_task->next == NULL)
{
return;
}
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
/* schedule */
next = my_current_task->next;
prev = my_current_task;
if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
{
my_current_task = next;
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
/* switch to next process */
asm volatile(
"pushl %%ebp\n\t" /* save ebp */
"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /* save esp */
"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /* restore esp */
"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /* save eip */
"pushl %3\n\t"
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip */
"1:\t" /* next process start here */
"popl %%ebp\n\t"
: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
);
}
return;
}
定义了两个函数my_timer_handler和my_schedule
my_time_handler当时间为1000时将my_need_sched设置为1,这样就可以使my_process函数调用my_schedule函数来切换进程。