最简单的数据库连接方式

利用Java原生jdbc连接数据库
以pg数据库为例

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@Component
public class SearchPgsqlUtil {
	
	
	// 定义数据库的驱动信息
    private static String DRIVER = "org.postgresql.Driver";//pg的驱动
    //private static String DRIVER = "org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver";
    //private static String DRIVER = "oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver";
   //private static String DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"; 

    // 定义数据库的链接
    private Connection con = null;
    // 定义sql语句的执行对象
    private PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
    // 定义查询返回的结果集合
    private ResultSet resultSet = null;
     

    /**
     * 获得数据库的连接
     * 
     * @return
     * @throws ClassNotFoundException 
     */
    public Connection getConnection(String URL,String USERNAME, String PASSWORD) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        try {
        	Class.forName(DRIVER);
            con = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWORD);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return con;
    }
    
    /**
     * 从数据库中查询数据
     *
     * @param sql
     * @param params
     * @return
     * @throws SQLException
     */
    public List<Map<String, Object>> executeQueryData(String url,String userName, String password,String sql, List<Object> params) {
        Connection conn = null;
        ResultSet resultSets =null;
        PreparedStatement pstmts = null;
        try {
            Class.forName(DRIVER);
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, userName, password);
            List<Map<String, Object>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();
            int index = 1;
            pstmts = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
                for (int i = 0; i < params.size(); i++) {
                    pstmts.setObject(index++, params.get(i));
                }
            }
            resultSets = pstmts.executeQuery();
            ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSets.getMetaData();
            int colsLen = metaData.getColumnCount();
            while (resultSets.next()) {
                Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
                for (int i = 0; i < colsLen; i++) {
                    String colsName = metaData.getColumnName(i + 1);
                    Object colsValue = resultSets.getObject(colsName);
                    if (colsValue == null) {
                        colsValue = "";
                    }
                    map.put(colsName, colsValue);
                }
                list.add(map);
            }
            return list;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            closeDB(conn,pstmts,resultSets);
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            closeDB(conn,pstmts,resultSets);
        }
        return new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();
    }

    public void closeDB(Connection conn,PreparedStatement pstmts,ResultSet resultSets) {
        if (resultSets != null) {
            try {
                resultSets.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (pstmts != null) {
            try {
                pstmts.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (conn != null) {
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    
    public String executePost(String urlstring, String paramstring) {
        HttpURLConnection connection = null;
        try {
            URL url = new URL(urlstring);
            connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8");
            connection.setRequestProperty("charset", "UTF-8");
            connection.setUseCaches(false);
            connection.setDoOutput(true);
            connection.setConnectTimeout(1000);
            // send request
            DataOutputStream wr = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
            // wr.writeBytes(paramstring);
            wr.write(paramstring.getBytes());
            wr.flush();
            wr.close();
            // get response
            InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
            StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();
            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                response.append(line);
                response.append("\t");
            }
            reader.close();
            return response.toString();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }
}