注解@Retention的作用

注解@Retention的作用
2018年01月25日 20:48:38 二十六画生的博客 阅读数：4011
注解@Retention可以用来修饰注解，是注解的注解，称为元注解。
Retention注解有一个属性value，是RetentionPolicy类型的，Enum RetentionPolicy是一个枚举类型，
这个枚举决定了Retention注解应该如何去保持，也可理解为Rentention 搭配 RententionPolicy使用。RetentionPolicy有3个值：CLASS RUNTIME SOURCE
按生命周期来划分可分为3类：
1、RetentionPolicy.SOURCE：注解只保留在源文件，当Java文件编译成class文件的时候，注解被遗弃；
2、RetentionPolicy.CLASS：注解被保留到class文件，但jvm加载class文件时候被遗弃，这是默认的生命周期；
3、RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME：注解不仅被保存到class文件中，jvm加载class文件之后，仍然存在；
这3个生命周期分别对应于：Java源文件(.java文件) —> .class文件 —> 内存中的字节码。
那怎么来选择合适的注解生命周期呢？
首先要明确生命周期长度 SOURCE < CLASS < RUNTIME ，所以前者能作用的地方后者一定也能作用。
一般如果需要在运行时去动态获取注解信息，那只能用 RUNTIME 注解，比如@Deprecated使用RUNTIME注解
如果要在编译时进行一些预处理操作，比如生成一些辅助代码（如 ButterKnife），就用 CLASS注解；
如果只是做一些检查性的操作，比如 @Override 和 @SuppressWarnings，使用SOURCE 注解。

注解@Override用在方法上，当我们想重写一个方法时，在方法上加@Override，当我们方法的名字出错时，编译器就会报错
注解@Deprecated，用来表示某个类或属性或方法已经过时，不想别人再用时，在属性和方法上用@Deprecated修饰
注解@SuppressWarnings用来压制程序中出来的警告，比如在没有用泛型或是方法已经过时的时候

转自：
http://blog.csdn.net/liuwenbo0920/article/details/7290586
http://blog.csdn.net/github_35180164/article/details/52118286
英文好的可以阅读以下源码：

package java.lang.annotation;

/**

• Annotation retention policy. The constants of this enumerated type

• describe the various policies for retaining annotations. They are used

• in conjunction with the {@link Retention} meta-annotation type to specify

• how long annotations are to be retained.

• @author Joshua Bloch

• @since 1.5
  /
  public enum RetentionPolicy {
  /*

  • Annotations are to be discarded by the compiler.
    */
    SOURCE,

  /**

  • Annotations are to be recorded in the class file by the compiler
  • but need not be retained by the VM at run time. This is the default
  • behavior.
    */
    CLASS,

  /**

  • Annotations are to be recorded in the class file by the compiler and
  • retained by the VM at run time, so they may be read reflectively.
  • @see java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement
    /
    RUNTIME
    }
    @Target({TYPE, FIELD, METHOD, PARAMETER, CONSTRUCTOR, LOCAL_VARIABLE})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
    public @interface SuppressWarnings {
    /*
  • The set of warnings that are to be suppressed by the compiler in the
  • annotated element. Duplicate names are permitted. The second and
  • successive occurrences of a name are ignored. The presence of
  • unrecognized warning names is not an error: Compilers must
  • ignore any warning names they do not recognize. They are, however,
  • free to emit a warning if an annotation contains an unrecognized
  • warning name.

  • The string {@code "unchecked"} is used to suppress

  • unchecked warnings. Compiler vendors should document the
  • additional warning names they support in conjunction with this
  • annotation type. They are encouraged to cooperate to ensure
  • that the same names work across multiple compilers.
  • @return the set of warnings to be suppressed
    /
    String[] value();
    }
    /

• Copyright © 2003, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

• ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.

*/

package java.lang;

import java.lang.annotation.;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.;

/**

• A program element annotated @Deprecated is one that programmers
• are discouraged from using, typically because it is dangerous,
• or because a better alternative exists. Compilers warn when a
• deprecated program element is used or overridden in non-deprecated code.
• @author Neal Gafter
• @since 1.5
• @jls 9.6.3.6 @Deprecated
  */
  @Documented
  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
  @Target(value={CONSTRUCTOR, FIELD, LOCAL_VARIABLE, METHOD, PACKAGE, PARAMETER, TYPE})
  public @interface Deprecated {
  }
  @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
  public @interface Override {