题目:
有一个员工表dept_emp简况如下:
有一个薪水表salaries简况如下:
获取每个部门中当前员工薪水最高的相关信息,给出dept_no, emp_no以及其对应的salary,按照部门编号升序排列,以上例子输出如下:
(注意: Mysql与Sqlite select 非聚合列的结果可能不一样)
代码:
1、错误代码:
select dept_no,salaries.emp_no,max(salary) as maxSalary from dept_emp,salaries where dept_emp.emp_no=salaries.emp_no
and dept_emp.to_date='9999-01-01' and salaries.to_date='9999-01-01' group by dept_no order by dept_no
错误原因:
- salaries.emp_no是非聚合字段,不能出现在select。因为一个聚合字段(dept_no)对应多个非聚合字段(emp_no),所以选择的时候会随机选择非聚合字段中的一个
- 当多人同时拥有最高薪水时,也无法查出
因为聚合函数通过作用一组值而只返回一个单一值,因此,在SELECT语句中出现的字段要么为一个聚合函数的输入值,如COUNT(course),要么为GROUP BY语句中指定的字段,要么是常数,否则会出错。
简而言之:使用GROUP BY子句时,SELECT子句中只能有聚合键、聚合函数、常数。
2、正确代码:
关联子查询,外表固定一个部门,内表进行子查询
select d1.dept_no,d1.emp_no,s1.salary from dept_emp as d1 inner join salaries as s1 on d1.emp_no=s1.emp_no
and d1.to_date='9999-01-01' and s1.to_date='9999-01-01'
where s1.salary in (select max(s2.salary) from dept_emp as d2 inner join salaries as s2 on d2.emp_no=s2.emp_no
and d2.to_date='9999-01-01' and s2.to_date='9999-01-01' and d1.dept_no=d2.dept_no)
order by d1.dept_no
也可以有另一种写法:
select uni.dept_no, uni.emp_no, max_salary.salary
from
(select d.dept_no, s.emp_no, s.salary
from dept_emp d join salaries s
on d.emp_no = s.emp_no
and d.to_date = '9999-01-01'
and s.to_date = '9999-01-01'
) as uni, /* 部门编号,员工编号,当前薪水 */
(select d.dept_no, max(s.salary) as salary
from dept_emp d join salaries s
on d.emp_no = s.emp_no
and d.to_date = '9999-01-01'
and s.to_date = '9999-01-01'
group by d.dept_no
) as max_salary /* 部门编号,当前最高薪水 */
where uni.salary = max_salary.salary
and uni.dept_no = max_salary.dept_no
order by uni.dept_no