Go语言：sync.Mutex互斥锁

Go的标准库提供了sync.Mutex互斥锁及其两种方法：

• Lock
• Unlock

可以使用defer来确保互斥锁一定会被释放。

例子：安全的多线程计数器

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
    "time"
)

// SafeCounter is safe to use concurrently.
type SafeCounter struct {
    v   map[string]int
    mux sync.Mutex
}

// Inc increments the counter for the given key.
func (c *SafeCounter) Increase(key string) {
    c.mux.Lock()
    // Lock so only one goroutine at a time can access the map c.v.
    c.v[key]++
    c.mux.Unlock()
}

// Value returns the current value of the counter for the given key.
func (c *SafeCounter) Value(key string) int {
    c.mux.Lock()
    // Lock so only one goroutine at a time can access the map c.v.
    defer c.mux.Unlock()
    return c.v[key]
}

func main() {
    c := SafeCounter{v: make(map[string]int)}
    for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
        go c.Increase("somekey")
    }

    time.Sleep(time.Second)
    fmt.Println(c.Value("somekey"))
}