Docker安装（centos7）

1、环境准备

Linux 内核：官方建议 3.10 以上，通过 uname -r 命令查看你当前的内核版本。

[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"

2、安装

2.1、卸载旧版本

[root@localhost ~]# yum remove docker \
> docker-client \
> docker-client-latest \
> docker-common \
> docker-latest \
> docker-latest-logrotate \
> docker-logrotate \
> docker-engine;

2.2、安装Linux包管理工具

yum install -y yum-utils

2.3、设置镜像仓库（推荐使用国内的）

yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

2.4、更新yum软件包

yum makecache fast

2.5、安装docker社区版

#docker-ce为社区免费版本
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

2.6、查看docker版本确定是否安装成功

[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           24.0.6
 API version:       1.43
 Go version:        go1.20.7
 Git commit:        ed223bc
 Built:             Mon Sep  4 12:35:25 2023
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default

2.7、启动docker

systemctl start docker

2.8、测试docker成功

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
719385e32844: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:4f53e2564790c8e7856ec08e384732aa38dc43c52f02952483e3f003afbf23db
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
docker.io/library/hello-world:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    9c7a54a9a43c   4 months ago   13.3kB
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker run hello-world

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

2.9、测试docker可能出现的问题以及解决方法

2.9.1、问题

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
Error response from daemon: Get "https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/": dial tcp [2600:1f18:2148:bc02:4bf0:3a98:55ae:e3d5]:443: connect: network is unreachable

2.9.2、解决方法

####1.查看dns解析###########################################

[root@localhost ~]# dig @114.114.114.114 registry-1.docker.io
; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-26.P2.el7 <<>> @114.114.114.114 registry-1.docker.io
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 51248
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;registry-1.docker.io.          IN      A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
registry-1.docker.io.   124     IN      A       3.216.34.172
registry-1.docker.io.   124     IN      A       34.205.13.154
registry-1.docker.io.   124     IN      A       44.205.64.79

;; Query time: 36 msec
;; SERVER: 114.114.114.114#53(114.114.114.114)
;; WHEN: Wed Sep 13 23:22:45 CST 2023
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 97

####2.添加host解析###########################################

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
44.205.64.79  registry-1.docker.io

####3.重新拉取镜像###########################################

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
719385e32844: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:4f53e2564790c8e7856ec08e384732aa38dc43c52f02952483e3f003afbf23db
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
docker.io/library/hello-world:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    9c7a54a9a43c   4 months ago   13.3kB