1069 The Black Hole of Numbers (20分)

The Black Hole of Numbers 

For any 4-digit integer except the ones with all the digits being the same, if we sort the digits in non-increasing order first, and then in non-decreasing order, a new number can be obtained by taking the second number from the first one. Repeat in this manner we will soon end up at the number 6174 -- the black hole of 4-digit numbers. This number is named Kaprekar Constant.

For example, start from 6767, we'll get:

7766 - 6677 = 1089
9810 - 0189 = 9621
9621 - 1269 = 8352
8532 - 2358 = 6174
7641 - 1467 = 6174
... ...

Given any 4-digit number, you are supposed to illustrate the way it gets into the black hole.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case which gives a positive integer N in the range (0,10​4​​).

Output Specification:

If all the 4 digits of N are the same, print in one line the equation N - N = 0000. Else print each step of calculation in a line until 6174 comes out as the difference. All the numbers must be printed as 4-digit numbers.

Sample Input 1:

6767

Sample Output 1:

7766 - 6677 = 1089
9810 - 0189 = 9621
9621 - 1269 = 8352
8532 - 2358 = 6174

Sample Input 2:

2222

Sample Output 2:

2222 - 2222 = 0000

 字符串不足位时补 0 ：

s.insert(0, 4 - s.length(), '0'); 
	

c++ 代码 

#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int cmp(char a, char b){
	return a > b;
}
int main(){
	string s;
	cin >> s;
	while(true){
	    s.insert(0, 4 - s.length(), '0'); 
		sort(s.begin(), s.end(), cmp);
		int a = stoi(s);
		sort(s.begin(), s.end());
		int b = stoi(s);
		printf("%04d - %04d = %04d\n", a, b, a-b);
		if(a-b == 0 || a-b == 6174){
			break;
		}
		s = to_string(a-b);	
	}
	return 0;
}