一、概述
1、延迟加载:
- 就是在需要用到数据时才进行加载,不需要用到数据时就不加载数据。延迟加载也称懒加载
2、好处:
- 先从单表查询,需要时再从关联表去关联查询,大大提高数据库性能,因为查询单表要比关联查询多张表速度要快。
3、坏处:
- 因为只有当需要用到数据时,才会进行数据库查询,这样在大批量数据查询时,因为查询工作也要消耗时间,所以可能造成用户等待时间变长,造成用户体验下降。
4、MyBatis 多表查询
具体查询步骤请 点击
在多表查询时,使用了resultMap
来实现一对一,一对多,多对多关系的操作。主要是通过 association
、collection
实现一对一及一对多映射。association
、collection
具备延迟加载功能。
二、association 延迟加载、collection 延迟加载
association : 用于一对多(一个用户对应多个账号:User ——> Account)
collection :用于多对一
第一步:封装对数据库映射的实体类 User.java、Account.java
package cn.lemon.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
public class User implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private Date birthday;
private String username;
private String sex;
private String address;
private List<Account> accountList = new ArrayList<>();
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public List<Account> getAccountList() {
return accountList;
}
public void setAccountList(List<Account> accountList) {
this.accountList = accountList;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", birthday=" + birthday +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
", address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
package cn.lemon.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Account implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private Integer uid;
private Double money;
private User user;//关联属性,记录关联关系
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Integer getUid() {
return uid;
}
public void setUid(Integer uid) {
this.uid = uid;
}
public Double getMoney() {
return money;
}
public void setMoney(Double money) {
this.money = money;
}
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Account{" +
"id=" + id +
", uid=" + uid +
", money=" + money +
'}';
}
}
第二步:新建持久层(dao)接口 IUserDao.java 、IAccountDao.java,操作数据库
package cn.lemon.dao;
import cn.lemon.domain.User;
import java.util.List;
public interface IUserDao {
public User findById(Integer userId);
public List<User> findAll();
}
package cn.lemon.dao;
import cn.lemon.domain.Account;
import java.util.List;
public interface IAccountDao {
public List<Account> findAll();
}
第三步:新建配置文件 SqlMapConfig.xml (配置懒加载)和 jdbcConfig.properties
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<!--mybatis配置文件-->
<configuration>
<!--配置属性或使用属性文件-->
<properties resource="jdbc.properties"/>
<!--全局属性配置-->
<settings>
<!--开启Mybatis支持延迟加载-->
<setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/>
<!--关闭积极延迟加载:任何属性都会引起延迟加载-->
<setting name="aggressiveLazyLoading" value="false"></setting>
</settings>
<!--给包定义别名-->
<typeAliases>
<!--定义单个别名-->
<!--<typeAlias type="com.lxs.domain.User" alias="user"></typeAlias>-->
<!--配置包定义别名,别名=包中的类的名字(首字母大写小写都可以)-->
<package name="cn.lemon.domain"/>
</typeAliases>
<!--配置环境-->
<environments default="mysql">
<environment id="mysql">
<!--事务类型-->
<transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<!--配置连接池(数据源)-->
<property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!--配置映射文件-->
<mappers>
<!--配置单个映射文件-->
<!--<mapper resource="com/lxs/dao/IUserDao.xml"></mapper>-->
<package name="cn.lemon.dao"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql:///db_mybatis
username=root
password=lemon
第四步:编写持久层接口的映射文件 IUserDao.xml、IAccountDao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="cn.lemon.dao.IUserDao">
<select id="findById" resultType="user" parameterType="int">
SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = #{uid}
</select>
<select id="findAll" resultMap="userMap">
SELECT * FROM user
</select>
<resultMap id="userMap" type="user">
<id column="id" property="id"></id>
<!--collection:映射一对多的一的一方(主表方)的集合属性
ofType:集合的元素类型,可以写别名
select: 查询关联集合的select语句
column:查询关联集合的语句的参数
-->
<collection property="accountList" ofType="Account" select="cn.lemon.dao.IAccountDao.findByUid" column="id">
<id column="id" property="id"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
</mapper>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="cn.lemon.dao.IAccountDao">
<select id="findAll" resultMap="accountMap">
select * from account
</select>
<resultMap id="accountMap" type="account">
<id column="id" property="id"/><!--字段名等于属性名可以省略-->
<result column="uid" property="uid"/>
<!--<result property="money" column="money"></result>-->
<!--association映射多对一,多的一方的实体属性
* select: 调用select映射的语句查询关联的user数据
* column: 调用select映射的语句的输入参数
-->
<association property="user" javaType="user" select="cn.lemon.dao.IUserDao.findById" column="uid">
<!--主键不能省略-->
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<!-- 同名属性可以省略 -->
<result property="username" column="username"/>
<!--<result property="birthday" column="birthday"></result>-->
<!--<result property="sex" column="sex"></result>-->
<!--<result property="address" column="address"></result>-->
</association>
</resultMap>
<select id="findByUid" resultType="Account" parameterType="int">
SELECT * FROM account WHERE uid= #{aid}
</select>
</mapper>
第五步:测试类
package cn.lemon.dao;
import cn.lemon.domain.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
public class IUserDaoTest {
private InputStream inputStream;
private SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
private SqlSession sqlSession;
private IUserDao iUserDao;
@Before
public void init() throws Exception {
inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
iUserDao = sqlSession.getMapper(IUserDao.class);
}
@Test
public void findById() {
}
@Test
public void findAll() {
List<User> userList = iUserDao.findAll();
for (User user : userList) {
System.out.println(user);
System.out.println("====================================================================");
}
System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------------------------");
System.out.println("第一个用户的账户" + userList.get(0).getAccountList());
}
@After
public void destory() throws Exception {
sqlSession.close();
inputStream.close();
}
}
package cn.lemon.dao;
import cn.lemon.domain.Account;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
public class IAccountDaoTest {
private InputStream inputStream;
private SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
private SqlSession sqlSession;
private IAccountDao iAccountDao;
@Before
public void init() throws Exception {
inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
iAccountDao = sqlSession.getMapper(IAccountDao.class);
}
@Test
public void findAll() {
List<Account> accountList = iAccountDao.findAll();
for (Account account : accountList) {
System.out.println(account);
System.out.println("--------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
}
System.out.println("***************************************************************************");
System.out.println("第一个账户的用户为:" + accountList.get(0).getUser());//当使用用户时才查询用户,称为懒加载
}
@After
public void destory() throws Exception {
sqlSession.close();
inputStream.close();
}
}