排查cpu负载过高方法对比
传统的方案一般是4步:
- top oder by with P:1040 // 首先按进程负载排序找到 maxLoad(pid)
- top -Hp 进程PID:1073 // 找到相关负载 线程PID
- printf “0x%x\n”线程PID: 0x431 // 将线程PID转换为 16进制,为后面查找 jstack 日志做准备
- jstack 进程PID | vim +/十六进制线程PID - // 例如:jstack 1040|vim +/0x431 -
但是对于线上问题定位来说,分秒必争,上面的 4 步还是太繁琐耗时了,我们可以使用封装了上面流程的一个工具:show-busy-java-threads.sh,可以很方便的定位线上的这类问题:
脚本内容
vim show-busy-java-threads.s
#!/bin/bash
# @Function
# Find out the highest cpu consumed threads of java processes, and print the stack of these threads.
#
# @Usage
# $ ./show-busy-java-threads
#
# @online-doc https://github.com/oldratlee/useful-scripts/blob/master/docs/java.md#-show-busy-java-threads
# @author Jerry Lee (oldratlee at gmail dot com)
# @author superhj1987 (superhj1987 at 126 dot com)
readonly PROG="`basename $0`"
readonly -a COMMAND_LINE=("$0" "$@")
# Get current user name via whoami command
# See https://www.lifewire.com/current-linux-user-whoami-command-3867579
# Because if run command by `sudo -u`, env var $USER is not rewritten/correct, just inherited from outside!
readonly USER="`whoami`"
################################################################################
# util functions
################################################################################
# NOTE: $'foo' is the escape sequence syntax of bash
readonly ec=$'\033' # escape char
readonly eend=$'\033[0m' # escape end
colorEcho() {
local color=$1
shift
# if stdout is console, turn on color output.
[ -t 1 ] && echo "$ec[1;${color}m$@$eend" || echo "$@"
}
colorPrint() {
local color=$1
shift
colorEcho "$color" "$@"
[ -n "$append_file" -a -w "$append_file" ] && echo "$@" >> "$append_file"
[ -n "$store_dir" -a -w "$store_dir" ] && echo "$@" >> "${store_file_prefix}$PROG"
}
normalPrint() {
echo "$@"
[ -n "$append_file" -a -w "$append_file" ] && echo "$@" >> "$append_file"
[ -n "$store_dir" -a -w "$store_dir" ] && echo "$@" >> "${store_file_prefix}$PROG"
}
redPrint() {
colorPrint 31 "$@"
}
greenPrint() {
colorPrint 32 "$@"
}
yellowPrint() {
colorPrint 33 "$@"
}
bluePrint() {
colorPrint 36 "$@"
}
die() {
redPrint "Error: $@" 1>&2
exit 1
}
logAndRun() {
echo "$@"
echo
"$@"
}
logAndCat() {
echo "$@"
echo
cat
}
usage() {
local -r exit_code="$1"
shift
[ -n "$exit_code" -a "$exit_code" != 0 ] && local -r out=/dev/stderr || local -r out=/dev/stdout
(( $# > 0 )) && { echo "$@"; echo; } > $out
> $out cat <<EOF
Usage: ${PROG} [OPTION]... [delay [count]]
Find out the highest cpu consumed threads of java processes,
and print the stack of these threads.
Example:
${PROG} # show busy java threads info
${PROG} 1 # update every 1 second, (stop by eg: CTRL+C)
${PROG} 3 10 # update every 3 seconds, update 10 times
Output control:
-p, --pid <java pid> find out the highest cpu consumed threads from
the specified java process.
default from all java process.
-c, --count <num> set the thread count to show, default is 5.
-a, --append-file <file> specifies the file to append output as log.
-S, --store-dir <dir> specifies the directory for storing
the intermediate files, and keep files.
default store intermediate files at tmp dir,
and auto remove after run. use this option to keep
files so as to review jstack/top/ps output later.
delay the delay between updates in seconds.
count the number of updates.
delay/count arguments imitates the style of
vmstat command.
jstack control:
-s, --jstack-path <path> specifies the path of jstack command.
-F, --force set jstack to force a thread dump. use when jstack
does not respond (process is hung).
-m, --mix-native-frames set jstack to print both java and native frames
(mixed mode).
-l, --lock-info set jstack with long listing.
prints additional information about locks.
CPU usage calculation control:
-d, --top-delay specifies the delay between top samples.
default is 0.5 (second). get thread cpu percentage
during this delay interval.
more info see top -d option. eg: -d 1 (1 second).
-P, --use-ps use ps command to find busy thread(cpu usage)
instead of top command.
default use top command, because cpu usage of
ps command is expressed as the percentage of
time spent running during the *entire lifetime*
of a process, this is not ideal in general.
Miscellaneous:
-h, --help display this help and exit.
EOF
exit $exit_code
}
################################################################################
# Check os support
################################################################################
uname | grep '^Linux' -q || die "$PROG only support Linux, not support `uname` yet!"
################################################################################
# parse options
################################################################################
# NOTE: ARGS can not be declared as readonly!!
# readonly declaration make exit code of assignment to be always 0, aka. the exit code of `getopt` in subshell is discarded.
# tested on bash 4.2.46
ARGS=`getopt -n "$PROG" -a -o p:c:a:s:S:Pd:Fmlh -l count:,pid:,append-file:,jstack-path:,store-dir:,use-ps,top-delay:,force,mix-native-frames,lock-info,help -- "$@"`
[ $? -ne 0 ] && { echo; usage 1; }
eval set -- "${ARGS}"
while true; do
case "$1" in
-c|--count)
count="$2"
shift 2
;;
-p|--pid)
pid="$2"
shift 2
;;
-a|--append-file)
append_file="$2"
shift 2
;;
-s|--jstack-path)
jstack_path="$2"
shift 2
;;
-S|--store-dir)
store_dir="$2"
shift 2
;;
-P|--use-ps)
use_ps=true
shift
;;
-d|--top-delay)
top_delay="$2"
shift 2
;;
-F|--force)
force=-F
shift
;;
-m|--mix-native-frames)
mix_native_frames=-m
shift
;;
-l|--lock-info)
more_lock_info=-l
shift
;;
-h|--help)
usage
;;
--)
shift
break
;;
esac
done
count=${count:-5}
update_delay=${1:-0}
[ -z "$1" ] && update_count=1 || update_count=${2:-0}
(( update_count < 0 )) && update_count=0
top_delay=${top_delay:-0.5}
use_ps=${use_ps:-false}
# check the directory of append-file(-a) mode, create if not exsit.
if [ -n "$append_file" ]; then
if [ -e "$append_file" ]; then
[ -f "$append_file" ] || die "$append_file(specified by option -a, for storing run output files) exists but is not a file!"
[ -w "$append_file" ] || die "file $append_file(specified by option -a, for storing run output files) exists but is not writable!"
else
append_file_dir="$(dirname "$append_file")"
if [ -e "$append_file_dir" ]; then
[ -d "$append_file_dir" ] || die "directory $append_file_dir(specified by option -a, for storing run output files) exists but is not a directory!"
[ -w "$append_file_dir" ] || die "directory $append_file_dir(specified by option -a, for storing run output files) exists but is not writable!"
else
mkdir -p "$append_file_dir" || die "fail to create directory $append_file_dir(specified by option -a, for storing run output files)!"
fi
fi
fi
# check store directory(-S) mode, create directory if not exsit.
if [ -n "$store_dir" ]; then
if [ -e "$store_dir" ]; then
[ -d "$store_dir" ] || die "$store_dir(specified by option -S, for storing output files) exists but is not a directory!"
[ -w "$store_dir" ] || die "directory $store_dir(specified by option -S, for storing output files) exists but is not writable!"
else
mkdir -p "$store_dir" || die "fail to create directory $store_dir(specified by option -S, for storing output files)!"
fi
fi
################################################################################
# check the existence of jstack command
################################################################################
if [ -n "$jstack_path" ]; then
[ -f "$jstack_path" ] || die "$jstack_path is NOT found!"
[ -x "$jstack_path" ] || die "$jstack_path is NOT executalbe!"
elif which jstack &> /dev/null; then
jstack_path="`which jstack`"
else
[ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] || die "jstack not found on PATH and No JAVA_HOME setting! Use -s option set jstack path manually."
[ -f "$JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack" ] || die "jstack not found on PATH and \$JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack($JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack) file does NOT exists! Use -s option set jstack path manually."
[ -x "$JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack" ] || die "jstack not found on PATH and \$JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack($JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack) is NOT executalbe! Use -s option set jstack path manually."
jstack_path="$JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack"
fi
################################################################################
# biz logic
################################################################################
readonly run_timestamp="`date "+%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S.%N"`"
readonly uuid="${PROG}_${run_timestamp}_${RANDOM}_$$"
readonly tmp_store_dir="/tmp/${uuid}"
if [ -n "$store_dir" ]; then
readonly store_file_prefix="$store_dir/${run_timestamp}_"
else
readonly store_file_prefix="$tmp_store_dir/${run_timestamp}_"
fi
mkdir -p "$tmp_store_dir"
cleanupWhenExit() {
rm -rf "$tmp_store_dir" &> /dev/null
}
trap "cleanupWhenExit" EXIT
headInfo() {
colorEcho "0;34;42" ================================================================================
echo "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%N") [$(( i + 1 ))/$update_count]: ${COMMAND_LINE[@]}"
colorEcho "0;34;42" ================================================================================
echo
}
if [ -n "${pid}" ]; then
readonly ps_process_select_options="-p $pid"
else
readonly ps_process_select_options="-C java -C jsvc"
fi
# output field: pid, thread id(lwp), pcpu, user
# order by pcpu(percentage of cpu usage)
findBusyJavaThreadsByPs() {
# 1. sort by %cpu by ps option `--sort -pcpu`
# 2. use wide output(unlimited width) by ps option `-ww`
# avoid trunk user column to username_fo+ or $uid alike
local -a ps_cmd_line=(ps $ps_process_select_options -wwLo pid,lwp,pcpu,user --sort -pcpu --no-headers)
local -r ps_out="$("${ps_cmd_line[@]}")"
if [ -n "$store_dir" ]; then
echo "$ps_out" | logAndCat "${ps_cmd_line[@]}" > "${store_file_prefix}$(( i + 1 ))_ps"
fi
echo "$ps_out" | head -n "${count}"
}
# top with output field: thread id, %cpu
__top_threadId_cpu() {
# 1. sort by %cpu by top option `-o %CPU`
# unfortunately, top version 3.2 does not support -o option(supports from top version 3.3+),
# use
# HOME="$tmp_store_dir" top -H -b -n 1
# combined
# sort
# instead of
# HOME="$tmp_store_dir" top -H -b -n 1 -o '%CPU'
# 2. change HOME env var when run top,
# so as to prevent top command output format being change by .toprc user config file unexpectedly
# 3. use option `-d 0.5`(update interval 0.5 second) and `-n 2`(update 2 times),
# and use second time update data to get cpu percentage of thread in 0.5 second interval
# 4. top v3.3, there is 1 black line between 2 update;
# but top v3.2, there is 2 blank lines between 2 update!
local -a top_cmd_line=(top -H -b -d $top_delay -n 2)
local -r top_out=$(HOME="$tmp_store_dir" "${top_cmd_line[@]}")
if [ -n "$store_dir" ]; then
echo "$top_out" | logAndCat "${top_cmd_line[@]}" > "${store_file_prefix}$(( i + 1 ))_top"
fi
echo "$top_out" |
awk 'BEGIN { blockIndex = 0; currentLineHasText = 0; prevLineHasText = 0; } {
currentLineHasText = ($0 != "")
if (prevLineHasText && !currentLineHasText)
blockIndex++ # from text line to empty line, increase block index
if (blockIndex == 3 && ($NF == "java" || $NF == "jsvc")) # $NF(last field) is command field
# only print 4th text block(blockIndex == 3), aka. process info of second top update
print $1 " " $9 # $1 is thread id field, $9 is %cpu field
prevLineHasText = currentLineHasText # update prevLineHasText
}' | sort -k2,2nr
}
__complete_pid_user_by_ps() {
# ps output field: pid, thread id(lwp), user
local -a ps_cmd_line=(ps $ps_process_select_options -wwLo pid,lwp,user --no-headers)
local -r ps_out="$("${ps_cmd_line[@]}")"
if [ -n "$store_dir" ]; then
echo "$ps_out" | logAndCat "${ps_cmd_line[@]}" > "${store_file_prefix}$(( i + 1 ))_ps"
fi
local idx=0
local -a line
while IFS=" " read -a line ; do
(( idx < count )) || break
local threadId="${line[0]}"
local pcpu="${line[1]}"
# output field: pid, threadId, pcpu, user
local output_fields="$( echo "$ps_out" |
awk -v "threadId=$threadId" -v "pcpu=$pcpu" '$2==threadId {
printf "%s %s %s %s\n", $1, threadId, pcpu, $3; exit
}' )"
if [ -n "$output_fields" ]; then
(( idx++ ))
echo "$output_fields"
fi
done
}
# output format is same as function findBusyJavaThreadsByPs
findBusyJavaThreadsByTop() {
__top_threadId_cpu | __complete_pid_user_by_ps
}
printStackOfThreads() {
local -a line
local idx=0
while IFS=" " read -a line ; do
local pid="${line[0]}"
local threadId="${line[1]}"
local threadId0x="0x`printf %x ${threadId}`"
local pcpu="${line[2]}"
local user="${line[3]}"
(( idx++ ))
local jstackFile="${store_file_prefix}$(( i + 1 ))_jstack_${pid}"
[ -f "${jstackFile}" ] || {
local -a jstack_cmd_line=( "$jstack_path" ${force} $mix_native_frames $more_lock_info ${pid} )
if [ "${user}" == "${USER}" ]; then
# run without sudo, when java process user is current user
logAndRun "${jstack_cmd_line[@]}" > ${jstackFile}
elif [ $UID == 0 ]; then
# if java process user is not current user, must run jstack with sudo
logAndRun sudo -u "${user}" "${jstack_cmd_line[@]}" > ${jstackFile}
else
# current user is not root user, so can not run with sudo; print error message and rerun suggestion
redPrint "[$idx] Fail to jstack busy(${pcpu}%) thread(${threadId}/${threadId0x}) stack of java process(${pid}) under user(${user})."
redPrint "User of java process($user) is not current user($USER), need sudo to rerun:"
yellowPrint " sudo ${COMMAND_LINE[@]}"
normalPrint
continue
fi || {
redPrint "[$idx] Fail to jstack busy(${pcpu}%) thread(${threadId}/${threadId0x}) stack of java process(${pid}) under user(${user})."
normalPrint
rm "${jstackFile}" &> /dev/null
continue
}
}
bluePrint "[$idx] Busy(${pcpu}%) thread(${threadId}/${threadId0x}) stack of java process(${pid}) under user(${user}):"
if [ -n "$mix_native_frames" ]; then
local sed_script="/--------------- $threadId ---------------/,/^---------------/ {
/--------------- $threadId ---------------/b # skip first separator line
/^---------------/d # delete second separator line
p
}"
elif [ -n "$force" ]; then
local sed_script="/^Thread ${threadId}:/,/^$/ {
/^$/d; p # delete end separator line
}"
else
local sed_script="/ nid=${threadId0x} /,/^$/ {
/^$/d; p # delete end separator line
}"
fi
{
sed "$sed_script" -n ${jstackFile}
echo
} | tee ${append_file:+-a "$append_file"} ${store_dir:+-a "${store_file_prefix}$PROG"}
done
}
################################################################################
# Main
################################################################################
main() {
local i
# if update_count <= 0, infinite loop till user interrupted (eg: CTRL+C)
for (( i = 0; update_count <= 0 || i < update_count; ++i )); do
(( i > 0 )) && sleep "$update_delay"
[ -n "$append_file" -o -n "$store_dir" ] && headInfo | tee ${append_file:+-a "$append_file"} ${store_dir:+-a "${store_file_prefix}$PROG"} > /dev/null
(( update_count != 1 )) && headInfo
if $use_ps; then
findBusyJavaThreadsByPs
else
findBusyJavaThreadsByTop
fi | printStackOfThreads
done
}
main
新建show-busy-java-threads.sh文件,修改权限。
chmod 777 show-busy-java-threads.sh
使用
./show-busy-java-threads.sh
[1] Busy(57.0%) thread(23355/0x5b3b) stack of java process(23269) under user(admin):
"pool-1-thread-1" prio=10 tid=0x000000005b5c5000 nid=0x5b3b runnable [0x000000004062c000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
at java.text.DateFormat.format(DateFormat.java:316)
at com.xxx.foo.services.common.DateFormatUtil.format(DateFormatUtil.java:41)
at com.xxx.foo.shared.monitor.schedule.AppMonitorDataAvgScheduler.run(AppMonitorDataAvgScheduler.java:127)
at com.xxx.foo.services.common.utils.AliTimer$2.run(AliTimer.java:128)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
[2] Busy(26.1%) thread(24018/0x5dd2) stack of java process(23269) under user(admin):
"pool-1-thread-2" prio=10 tid=0x000000005a968800 nid=0x5dd2 runnable [0x00000000420e9000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
at java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:2882)
at java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder.expandCapacity(AbstractStringBuilder.java:100)
at java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder.append(AbstractStringBuilder.java:572)
at java.lang.StringBuffer.append(StringBuffer.java:320)
- locked <0x00000007908d0030> (a java.lang.StringBuffer)
at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.format(SimpleDateFormat.java:890)
at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.format(SimpleDateFormat.java:869)
at java.text.DateFormat.format(DateFormat.java:316)
at com.xxx.foo.services.common.DateFormatUtil.format(DateFormatUtil.java:41)
at com.xxx.foo.shared.monitor.schedule.AppMonitorDataAvgScheduler.run(AppMonitorDataAvgScheduler.java:126)
at com.xxx.foo.services.common.utils.AliTimer$2.run(AliTimer.java:128)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
......
上面的线程栈可以看出,CPU消耗最高的2个线程都在执行java.text.DateFormat.format,业务代码对应的方法是shared.monitor.schedule.AppMonitorDataAvgScheduler.run。可以基本确定:
AppMonitorDataAvgScheduler.run调用DateFormat.format次数比较频繁。
DateFormat.format比较慢。(这个可以由DateFormat.format的实现确定。)
多执行几次show-busy-java-threads,如果上面情况高概率出现,则可以确定上面的判定。
因为调用越少代码执行越快,则出现在线程栈的概率就越低。
脚本有自动多次执行的功能,指定 重复执行的间隔秒数/重复执行的次数 参数。
分析shared.monitor.schedule.AppMonitorDataAvgScheduler.run实现逻辑和调用方式,以优化实现解决问题。