七层、四层、三层负载均衡

七层负载均衡(HTTP Load Balancing)：基于应用层，nginx默认使用的是七层负载均衡，因为需要看http协议，针对业务来做负载均衡

7层只能给http做负载均衡，4层可以给很多的协议做负载均衡（ftp，MySQL，dns，http等）根据端口来实现，nginx也可以做四层负载均衡

四层负载均衡(TCP and UDP Load Balancing)：基于传输层，LVS使用的是四层负载均衡，只需要看端口号，LVS的效率更高，针对业务来做负载均衡

四层负载均衡编译安装的时候需要接--with-stream，模块名叫做ngx_stream_core_module

做一个nginx的四层负载均衡

 

[root@lb conf]# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
[root@lb conf]# vim nginx.conf
[root@lb conf]# cat nginx.conf|egrep '^$|^#' -v
worker_processes  2;
events {
    worker_connections  2048;
}
stream{
	upstream web_servers{
		hash $remote_addr;
		server 192.168.2.33:80;
		server 192.168.2.34:80;
	}
	server{
		listen 80;
		proxy_pass web_servers;
	}
}
[root@lb conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/sclilin99/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/sclilin99/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@lb conf]# nginx -s reload
[root@lb conf]# ps aux|grep nginx
root       3888  0.0  0.2  50668  2204 ?        Ss   09:03   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/sclilin99/sbin/nginx
lilin      4649  0.0  0.2  51632  2412 ?        S    10:04   0:00 nginx: worker process
lilin      4650  0.0  0.2  51632  2412 ?        S    10:04   0:00 nginx: worker process
root       4652  0.0  0.0 112824   988 pts/1    R+   10:04   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

nginx官方的四层负载均衡举例：TCP and UDP Load Balancing | NGINX Plus

stream {
    upstream stream_backend {
        least_conn;
        server backend1.example.com:12345 weight=5;
        server backend2.example.com:12345 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
        server backend3.example.com:12345 max_conns=3;
    }
    
    upstream dns_servers {
        least_conn;
        server 192.168.136.130:53;
        server 192.168.136.131:53;
        server 192.168.136.132:53;
    }
    
    server {
        listen        12345;
        proxy_pass    stream_backend;
        proxy_timeout 3s;
        proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
    }
    
    server {
        listen     53 udp;
        proxy_pass dns_servers;
    }
    
    server {
        listen     12346;
        proxy_pass backend4.example.com:12346;
    }
}

三层负载均衡：基于网络层，在路由器上做负载均衡，例如ospf协议可以做负载均衡，只是在中间链路上做负载均衡，不能针对具体业务做负载均衡