mongo是MongoDB自带的交互式Javascript shell，用来对Mongod进行操作和管理的交互式环境。
使用 "./mongo --help" 可查看相关连接参数。
| $ ./mongo --help MongoDB shell version: 1.5.3 usage: ./mongo [options] [db address] [file names (ending in .js)] db address can be: foo foo database on local machine 192.169.0.5/foo foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine 192.169.0.5:9999/foo foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine on port 9999 options: --shell run the shell after executing files --nodb don't connect to mongod on startup - no 'db address' arg expected --quiet be less chatty --port arg port to connect to --host arg server to connect to --eval arg evaluate javascript -u [ --username ] arg username for authentication -p [ --password ] arg password for authentication -h [ --help ] show this usage information --version show version information --ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default) file names: a list of files to run. files have to end in .js and will exit after unless --shell is specified |
相关命令很多，要习惯使用 "help"。
| $ ./mongo MongoDB shell version: 1.5.3 connecting to: test type "help" for help > help help admin misc shell commands show dbs show database names show collections show collections in current database show users show users in current database show profile show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms use <db name> set current database to <db name> db.help() help on DB methods db.foo.help() help on collection methods db.foo.find() list objects in collection foo db.foo.find( { a : 1 } ) list objects in foo where a == 1 it result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate exit quit the mongo shell |
(1) MongoDB 会自动创建数据库(db)和集合(collection)，无需显式执行。
| $ ./mongo MongoDB shell version: 1.5.3 connecting to: test type "help" for help > show dbs // 查看当前数据库列表 admin local > use blog // 切换到工作数据库 switched to db blog > db // 当前数据库 blog > for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) db.users.save({name : "user" + i, age : i}) // 插入数据 > show dbs // 数据库 blog 被创建 admin blog local > show collections // 列表 users 被创建 system.indexes users > db.copyDatabase("blog", "blog2") // 复制数据库 { "ok" : true } > show dbs // 数据库 blog2 被创建 admin blog blog2 local > use blog2 // 切换到 blog2 switched to db blog2 > show collections // 查看集合列表 system.indexes users > db.users.find() // 查看被复制的数据 { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33f8fcecf2b9320ac2981a"), "name" : "user0", "age" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33f8fcecf2b9320ac2981b"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33f8fcecf2b9320ac2981c"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33f8fcecf2b9320ac2981d"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 3 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33f8fcecf2b9320ac2981e"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 4 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33f8fcecf2b9320ac2981f"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 5 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33f8fcecf2b9320ac29820"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 6 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33f8fcecf2b9320ac29821"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 7 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33f8fcecf2b9320ac29822"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 8 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33f8fcecf2b9320ac29823"), "name" : "user9", "age" : 9 } > db.dropDatabase() // 删除数据库 blog2 { "dropped" : "blog2", "ok" : true } > show dbs // 确认数据库删除成功 admin blog local > use blog // 切换回 blog switched to db blog > db.users.drop() // 删除集合 users true > show collections // 确认集合被删除 system.indexes > exit bye |
(2) 还可以在多台服务器之间复制数据库。
| server64$ ./mongo MongoDB shell version: 1.5.3 connecting to: test type "help" for help > use blog switched to db blog > for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) db.users.save({name : "user" + i, age : i}) > use news switched to db news > for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) db.articles.save({title : "title" + i}) > show dbs admin blog local news > exit bye |
准备好源数据库后，我们开始在复制。
| server32:$ ./mongo MongoDB shell version: 1.5.4 connecting to: test > db.copyDatabase("blog", "blog", "192.168.1.202") // 从源服务器复制 blog 数据库 { "ok" : true } > show dbs // 复制成功 admin blog local > use blog switched to db blog > show collections system.indexes users > db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e644"), "name" : "user0", "age" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e645"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e646"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e647"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 3 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e648"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 4 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e649"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 5 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e64a"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 6 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e64b"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 7 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e64c"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 8 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e64d"), "name" : "user9", "age" : 9 } > use news switched to db news > db.cloneDatabase("192.168.1.202") // 从源服务器克隆当前数据库(news) { "ok" : true } > show dbs admin blog local news > show collections articles system.indexes > db.articles.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fb6215b7f104d297e64e"), "title" : "title0" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fb6215b7f104d297e64f"), "title" : "title1" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fb6215b7f104d297e650"), "title" : "title2" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fb6215b7f104d297e651"), "title" : "title3" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fb6215b7f104d297e652"), "title" : "title4" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fb6215b7f104d297e653"), "title" : "title5" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fb6215b7f104d297e654"), "title" : "title6" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fb6215b7f104d297e655"), "title" : "title7" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fb6215b7f104d297e656"), "title" : "title8" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fb6215b7f104d297e657"), "title" : "title9" } > exit bye |
(3) 当我们使用 use 切换到某个数据库时，变量 db 表示当前数据库。还可以用 getSisterDB() 函数获取其他数据库的引用。
| > use admin switched to db admin > db admin > blog = db.getSisterDB("blog") blog > blog.users.insert({name : "abc"}) > blog.users.find({name : "abc"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4c3419b0492aa4cfbec11895"), "name" : "abc" } |
(4) 调用 fsync 命令，可以强制将内存中缓存数据写回数据库文件。如果不想等待，可添加 async 参数异步执行。
| > use admin switched to db admin > db.runCommand({fsync : 1}) { "numFiles" : 6, "ok" : true } > db.runCommand({fsync : 1, async : true}) { "numFiles" : 6, "ok" : true } |
(5) 某些时候需要锁定系统，阻塞所有写操作，诸如备份、整理数据库等等。锁定时读操作不受影响。
| $ ./mongo MongoDB shell version: 1.5.3 connecting to: test type "help" for help > use blog switched to db blog > admin = db.getSisterDB("admin") admin > admin.runCommand({fsync : 1, lock : 1}) // 锁定 { "info" : "now locked against writes, use db.$cmd.sys.unlock.findOne() to unlock", "ok" : true } > db.users.find() // 读操作正常 { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e644"), "name" : "user0", "age" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e645"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e646"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e647"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 3 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e648"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 4 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e649"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 5 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e64a"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 6 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e64b"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 7 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e64c"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 8 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c33fadb15b7f104d297e64d"), "name" : "user9", "age" : 9 } > db.users.save({name : "xyz" }) // 写操作被阻塞，等待 ... |
另开启一个终端，解除锁定。
| > use admin switched to db admin > db.$cmd.sys.unlock.findOne() { "ok" : 1, "info" : "unlock requested" } |
解除后，前一终端被阻塞的写操作正确返回。
(6) 调用 validate() 验证集合是否存在错误。
| > db.users.validate() { "ns" : "blog.users", "result" : " validate firstExtent:0:2600 ns:blog.users lastExtent:0:23d00 ns:blog.users # extents:2 datasize?:4640 nrecords?:116 lastExtentSize:9216 padding:1 first extent: loc:0:2600 xnext:0:23d00 xprev:null nsdiag:blog.users size:2304 firstRecord:0:26b0 lastRecord:0:2ec8 116 objects found, nobj:116 6496 bytes data w/headers 4640 bytes data wout/headers deletedList: 0000000010000000000 deleted: n: 1 size: 4672 nIndexes:1 blog.users.$_id_ keys:116 ", "ok" : true, "valid" : true, "lastExtentSize" : 9216 } |
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