命令格式
1、目录处理命令
ls命令
文件信息
mkdir命令
[root@localhost tmp]# mkdir -p dry1/dry2
[root@localhost tmp]# mkdir dry1/dry3 dry1/dry4
rmdir命令
[root@localhost tmp]# rmdir dry1/dry2/
cp命令
[root@localhost dry1]# cp -rp dry3/test1.txt dry4/
[root@localhost dry1]# ls dry4/
test1.txt test2.txt
[root@localhost dry1]# mkdir dry5
[root@localhost dry1]# ls
dry3 dry4 dry5
[root@localhost dry1]# cp -rp dry5/ dry3/
[root@localhost dry1]# ls dry3
dry5 test1.txt
[root@localhost dry1]#
复制的同时改名
[root@localhost dry1]# cp -r dry3/test1.txt dry4/test4.txt
[root@localhost dry1]# ls dry4/
test1.txt test2.txt test4.txt
Crtl+L清屏
mv命令
[root@localhost dry1]# touch test.txt
[root@localhost dry1]# ls
dry3 dry4 dry5 test.txt
[root@localhost dry1]# mv test.txt test_copy.txt
[root@localhost dry1]# ls
dry3 dry4 dry5 test_copy.txt
[root@localhost dry1]# mv dry3/test1.txt dry4/test5.txt
[root@localhost dry1]# ls dry3/
dry5
[root@localhost dry1]# ls dry4/
test1.txt test2.txt test4.txt test5.txt
[root@localhost dry1]#
rm命令
[root@localhost dry1]# ls
dry3 dry4 dry5 test_copy.txt
[root@localhost dry1]# rm -rf test_copy.txt
[root@localhost dry1]# ls
dry3 dry4 dry5
[root@localhost dry1]# rm -rf dry5/
[root@localhost dry1]# ls
dry3 dry4
[root@localhost dry1]#
touch命令
[root@localhost dry1]# touch test.txt
[root@localhost dry1]# ls
dry3 dry4 test.txt
[root@localhost dry1]#
cat命令
[root@localhost dry1]# cat test.txt -n
1 hello helli
2
3
4 hello
5 bkshfka
6 bfkabkja
[root@localhost dry1]#
tac命令
[root@localhost dry1]# tac test.txt
bfkabkja
bkshfka
hello
hello helli
[root@localhost dry1]#
more命令
[root@localhost dry1]# more /etc/services
less命令
[root@localhost dry1]# less /etc/services
head命令
[root@localhost dry1]# head -n 20 /etc/services
tail命令
[root@localhost dry1]# tail -n 20 /etc/services
ln命令
[root@localhost dry1]# ln -s /etc/issue /tmp/issue.sooft
[root@localhost dry1]# ls /tmp/issue.sooft
/tmp/issue.sooft
[root@localhost dry1]# ln /etc/issue /tmp/issue.hard
[root@localhost dry1]# ls /tmp/issue.hard
/tmp/issue.hard
[root@localhost dry1]#
[root@localhost dry1]# ls
dry3 dry4 dry test test.txt test.txt1 test.txt_hard
[root@localhost dry1]# ls -i test.txt test.txt1 test.txt_hard
262272 test.txt 262283 test.txt1 262272 test.txt_hard
chmod命令
[root@localhost dry1]# ll test.txt
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 38 May 25 19:31 test.txt
[root@localhost dry1]# chmod u+x test.txt
[root@localhost dry1]# ll test.txt
-rwxr--r--. 2 root root 38 May 25 19:31 test.txt
[root@localhost dry1]#
添加多个权限
[root@localhost dry1]# ll test.txt
-rwxr--r--. 2 root root 38 May 25 19:31 test.txt
[root@localhost dry1]# chmod g+w,o-r test.txt
[root@localhost dry1]# ll test.txt
-rwxrw----. 2 root root 38 May 25 19:31 test.txt
[root@localhost dry1]# chmod o=rwx test.txt
[root@localhost dry1]# ll test.txt
-rwxrw-rwx. 2 root root 38 May 25 19:31 test.txt
[root@localhost dry1]#
[root@localhost dry1]# chmod 777 test.txt
[root@localhost dry1]# ll test.txt
-rwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 38 May 25 19:31 test.txt
[root@localhost dry1]#
chown命令
[root@localhost ~]# touch test
[root@localhost ~]# ls
1.sh abc Desktop hello.sh Pictures test
2020-05-23.log abc1 Documents install.log Public test.txt
2.sh access_log.2020 Downloads install.log.syslog shtest Videos
3.sh anaconda-ks.cfg dry Music Templates
[root@localhost ~]# ll test
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 26 02:25 test
[root@localhost ~]# useradd test
[root@localhost ~]# chown test test
[root@localhost ~]# ll test
-rw-r--r--. 1 test root 0 May 26 02:25 test
[root@localhost ~]#
chgrp命令
[root@localhost ~]# ll test
-rw-r--r--. 1 test root 0 May 26 02:25 test
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dry1
[root@localhost ~]# chgrp dry1 test
[root@localhost ~]# ll test
-rw-r--r--. 1 test dry1 0 May 26 02:25 test
[root@localhost ~]#
umask命令
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir dd
[root@localhost ~]# ls -ld dd
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 26 02:34 dd
[root@localhost ~]# touch dd.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ll dd.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 26 02:35 dd.txt
find命令
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -name init
/etc/kdump-adv-conf/kdump_initscripts/init
/etc/init
/etc/sysconfig/init
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -name *init*
/etc/selinux/targeted/contexts/initrc_context
/etc/rc.sysinit
/etc/festival/siteinit.scm
/etc/init.conf
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -name init*
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -name init???
/etc/inittab
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# find -user test
./test
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# find / -size +204800
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -cmin -6
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc/ -size +163840 -a -size -204800
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc/ -size +163840 -o -size -204800
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc/ -name inittab -exec ls -l {} \;
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc/ -name init* -a -type d
/etc/init
/etc/rc.d/init.d
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ls -i
144158 1.sh 144592 anaconda-ks.cfg 144170 dry 144092 shtest
144118 2020-05-23.log 144249 dd 144136 hello.sh 144653 Templates
144157 2.sh 144117 dd dd 131075 install.log 144169 test
144174 3.sh 144263 dd.txt 131076 install.log.syslog 144139 test.txt
144119 abc 144651 Desktop 144656 Music 272526 Videos
144125 abc1 144655 Documents 272525 Pictures
136757 access_log.2020 144652 Downloads 144654 Public
[root@localhost ~]# find . -inum 144117 -exec rm {} \;
[root@localhost ~]# ls -i
144158 1.sh 144592 anaconda-ks.cfg 144136 hello.sh 144653 Templates
144118 2020-05-23.log 144249 dd 131075 install.log 144169 test
144157 2.sh 144263 dd.txt 131076 install.log.syslog 144139 test.txt
144174 3.sh 144651 Desktop 144656 Music 272526 Videos
144119 abc 144655 Documents 272525 Pictures
144125 abc1 144652 Downloads 144654 Public
136757 access_log.2020 144170 dry 144092 shtest
[root@localhost ~]#
locate命令
[root@localhost ~]# locate inittab
/etc/inittab
/usr/share/augeas/lenses/dist/inittab.aug
/usr/share/man/man5/inittab.5.gz
/usr/share/vim/vim74/syntax/inittab.vim
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# updatedb 更新文件资料库
which命令
[root@localhost ~]# which ls
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
/bin/ls
[root@localhost ~]#
whereis命令
[root@localhost ~]# whereis ls
ls: /bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1p/ls.1p.gz /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz
[root@localhost ~]# whereis useradd
useradd: /usr/sbin/useradd /usr/share/man/man8/useradd.8.gz
[root@localhost ~]#
grep命令
[root@localhost ~]# more /etc/inittab
[root@localhost ~]# grep reboot /etc/inittab
# 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# grep -v ^# /etc/inittab
id:5:initdefault:
[root@localhost ~]#
man命令
[root@localhost ~]# man ls
[root@localhost ~]# man services
help命令
[root@localhost ~]# help umask
useradd命令
passwd命令
[root@localhost ~]# useradd xiaocui
[root@localhost ~]# passwd xiaocui
Changing password for user xiaocui.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
BAD PASSWORD: is too simple
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@localhost ~]#
[xiaocui@localhost root]$ passwd 修改用户密码
who命令
w命令
[root@localhost ~]# w
04:02:42 up 4 days, 18:56, 5 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root tty1 :0 Thu09 4days 28.28s 28.28s /usr/bin/Xorg :0 -br -verbose
root pts/0 192.168.137.1 18:48 7:50m 0.23s 0.23s -bash
root pts/1 :0.0 Thu09 4days 0.02s 0.02s bash
root pts/2 192.168.137.1 02:23 0.00s 0.63s 0.21s w
root pts/3 192.168.137.1 02:24 2:40 0.02s 0.02s -bash
[root@localhost ~]# uptime
04:03:56 up 4 days, 18:57, 5 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
[root@localhost ~]#
gzip命令
[root@localhost tmp]# touch test.txt
[root@localhost tmp]# gzip test.txt
gunzip命令
[root@localhost tmp]# gunzip test.txt.gz
tar命令
[root@localhost tmp]# tar -zcf test1.tar test.txt
[root@localhost tmp]# tar -zcf test1.tar.gz test.txt
[root@localhost tmp]# tar -zxvf test1.tar.gz
test.txt
zip命令
[root@localhost tmp]# zip test.zip test.txt
[root@localhost tmp]# zip -r test.zip test
unzip命令
[root@localhost tmp]# unzip test.zip
bzip2命令
bunzip命令
write命令
last命令
lastlog命令
[root@localhost tmp]# lastlog
traceroute命令
[root@localhost tmp]# traceroute www.baidu.com
netstat命令
setup命令
mount命令
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