Spring定时任务：Cron expression must consist of 6 fields

1、问题描述

Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Encountered invalid @Scheduled method 'userRegPersist': Cron expression must consist of 6 fields (found 7 in "0 12 17 14 3 ? 2018")
	at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.processScheduled(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:402)
	at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$1.doWith(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:245)
	at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:524)
	at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:504)
	at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:240)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:422)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1583)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:545)
	... 56 more

2、问题原因

Spring定时任务的cron表达式只能包含6个字段，即使不支持支持年份

源码

@Scheduled

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Repeatable(Schedules.class)
public @interface Scheduled {
	/**
	 * A cron-like expression, extending the usual UN*X definition to include triggers
	 * on the second, minute, hour, day of month, month, and day of week.
	 * <p>For example, {@code "0 * * * * MON-FRI"} means once per minute on weekdays
	 * (at the top of the minute - the 0th second).
	 * <p>The fields read from left to right are interpreted as follows.
	 * <ul>
	 * <li>second</li>
	 * <li>minute</li>
	 * <li>hour</li>
	 * <li>day of month</li>
	 * <li>month</li>
	 * <li>day of week</li>
	 * </ul>
	 * <p>The special value {@link #CRON_DISABLED "-"} indicates a disabled cron
	 * trigger, primarily meant for externally specified values resolved by a
	 * <code>${...}</code> placeholder.
	 * @return an expression that can be parsed to a cron schedule
	 * @see org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronExpression#parse(String)
	 */
	String cron() default "";
}

CronSequenceGenerator

/**
 * Date sequence generator for a
 * <a href="https://www.manpagez.com/man/5/crontab/">Crontab pattern</a>,
 * allowing clients to specify a pattern that the sequence matches.
 *
 * <p>The pattern is a list of six single space-separated fields: representing
 * second, minute, hour, day, month, weekday. Month and weekday names can be
 * given as the first three letters of the English names.
 *
 * <p>Example patterns:
 * <ul>
 * <li>"0 0 * * * *" = the top of every hour of every day.</li>
 * <li>"*&#47;10 * * * * *" = every ten seconds.</li>
 * <li>"0 0 8-10 * * *" = 8, 9 and 10 o'clock of every day.</li>
 * <li>"0 0 6,19 * * *" = 6:00 AM and 7:00 PM every day.</li>
 * <li>"0 0/30 8-10 * * *" = 8:00, 8:30, 9:00, 9:30, 10:00 and 10:30 every day.</li>
 * <li>"0 0 9-17 * * MON-FRI" = on the hour nine-to-five weekdays</li>
 * <li>"0 0 0 25 12 ?" = every Christmas Day at midnight</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author Dave Syer
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Ruslan Sibgatullin
 * @since 3.0
 * @see CronTrigger
 * @deprecated as of 5.3, in favor of {@link CronExpression}
 */
@Deprecated
public class CronSequenceGenerator {
	...
}

可以看到自从Spring3.0的版本后，cron表达式只能支持6个字段，也就是不支持年份的表达式

3、解决办法

Spring 的 Scheduled 没办法指定年份，如果需要年份的话可以集成quartz