SpringBoot与Web开发(一)


使用SpringBoot:
1. 创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块
2. SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来
3. 自己编写业务代码;

自动配置原理
这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了什么?能不能修改?能修改哪些配置?

xxxAutoConfiguration帮我们给容器中自动配置组件
xxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;

Spring Boot对静态资源的映射规则

@ConfigurationProperties(
    prefix = "spring.resources",
    ignoreUnknownFields = false
)
public class ResourceProperties {
//可以设置和资源有关的参数,缓存时间等
		public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
            if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
                logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
            } else {
                Duration cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getPeriod();
                CacheControl cacheControl = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getCachecontrol().toHttpCacheControl();
                if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
                    this.customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(new String[]{"/webjars/**"}).addResourceLocations(new String[]{"classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/"}).setCachePeriod(this.getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
                }

                String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
                if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
                    this.customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(new String[]{staticPathPattern}).addResourceLocations(getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())).setCachePeriod(this.getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
                }

            }
        }
		//配置欢迎页映射
		@Bean
        public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
            return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(new TemplateAvailabilityProviders(applicationContext), applicationContext, this.getWelcomePage(), this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
        }
		//配置喜欢的图标
		@Configuration
        @ConditionalOnProperty(
            value = {"spring.mvc.favicon.enabled"},
            matchIfMissing = true
        )
        public static class FaviconConfiguration implements ResourceLoaderAware {
            private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
            private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;

            public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
                this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
            }

            public void setResourceLoader(ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
                this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
            }

            @Bean
            public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
                SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
                mapping.setOrder(-2147483647);
                mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico", this.faviconRequestHandler()));
                return mapping;
            }

            @Bean
            public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
                ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
                requestHandler.setLocations(this.resolveFaviconLocations());
                return requestHandler;
            }

            private List<Resource> resolveFaviconLocations() {
                String[] staticLocations = WebMvcAutoConfiguration.WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter.getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations());
                List<Resource> locations = new ArrayList(staticLocations.length + 1);
                Stream var10000 = Arrays.stream(staticLocations);
                ResourceLoader var10001 = this.resourceLoader;
                var10001.getClass();
                var10000.map(var10001::getResource).forEach(locations::add);
                locations.add(new ClassPathResource("/"));
                return Collections.unmodifiableList(locations);
            }
        }
  1. 所有/webjars/**,都去classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/找资源;
    webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源;
    https://www.webjars.org/
    在这里插入图片描述
    localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.js
        <!--引入jquery-webjar-->在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
            <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.1</version>
        </dependency>
  1. “/**”访问当前项目的任何资源,(静态资源的文件夹)
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
 "classpath:/resources/", 
 "classpath:/static/", 
 "classpath:/public/"
 "/":当前项目的根路径

localhost:8080/abc === 去静态资源文件中找abc

  1. 欢迎页:静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射;
    localhost:8080/ 找index页面
  2. 图标:所有的**/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找;

模板引擎

JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf
在这里插入图片描述
SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf;
语法更简单,功能更强大;

1. 引入thymeleaf

  <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2. Thymeleaf使用&语法

@ConfigurationProperties(
    prefix = "spring.thymeleaf"
)
public class ThymeleafProperties {
    private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING;
    public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
    public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
    private boolean checkTemplate = true;
    private boolean checkTemplateLocation = true;
    private String prefix = "classpath:/templates/";
    private String suffix = ".html";
    private String mode = "HTML";
    //只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染了

使用:

  1. 导入thymeleaf的名称空间
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
  1. 使用thymeleaf语法;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>成功</h1>
    <!--th:text=""将div里面的文本内容设置为-->
    <div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>

3. 语法规则

在这里插入图片描述

  1. th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;
    th:任意html属性,来替换原生属性的值。

  2. 表达式

Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
	Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
		1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
		
		2)、使用内置的基本对象:
		#ctx : the context object.
		#vars: the context variables.
		#vars: the context variables.
		#locale : the context locale.
		#request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
		#response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
		#session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
		#servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
		${session.foo}
		
		3)、内置的一些工具对象:
		#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
		#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the
		same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
		#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
		#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
		#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
		#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
		#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
		#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
		#objects : methods for objects in general.
		#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
		#arrays : methods for arrays.
		#lists : methods for lists.
		#sets : methods for sets.
		#maps : methods for maps.
		#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
		#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).
		
	Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
		<div th:object="${session.user}">
		<p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
		<p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
		<p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
		</div>


	Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
	
	Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
		@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
		
	Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
		<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
		
Literals(字面量)
	Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
	Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
	Boolean literals: true , false
	Null literal: null
	Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
	
Text operations:(文本操作)
	String concatenation: +
	Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
	
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
	Binary operators: + , ‐ , * , / , %
	Minus sign (unary operator): ‐
	
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
	Binary operators: and , or
	Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
	
Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
	Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
	Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
	
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
	If‐then: (if) ? (then)
	If‐then‐else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
	Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
	
Special tokens:
	No‐Operation: _

4. SpringMVC自动配置

Spring MVC auto-configuration

Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC
以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)

  • Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
    - 自动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器:根据方法的返回值得到视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何渲染(转发?重定向?))
    - ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器的;
    - 如何定制:我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器;自动的将其组合进来;
  • Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路径,webjars
  • Static index.html support. 静态首页访问
  • Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico
  • 自动注册了 of Converter , GenericConverter , Formatter beans.
    - Converter:转换器; public String hello(User user):类型转换使用Converter
    - Formatter 格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date‐format")//在文件中配置日期格式化的规则
public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件
}

自己添加的格式化器转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可

  • Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).
    - HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User—Json;
    - HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;
    自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中(@Bean,@Component)

  • Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定义错误代码生成规则

  • Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).
    我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(添加到容器)

初始化WebDataBinder;
请求数据=====JavaBean;

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有自动场景;
If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration(interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of typeWebMvcConfigurerAdapter , but without @EnableWebMvc . If you wish to provide custom instances ofRequestMappingHandlerMapping , RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolveryou can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.

If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with@EnableWebMvc .

扩展SpringMVC

<mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
            <bean></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

编写一个配置类@Configuration使WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型;不能标注@EnableWebMvc
即保留了自动配置,也能用我们扩展的配置;

package com.matthew.springboot04.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;

/**
 * @Description TODO 适用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
 * @Author Matthew
 * @Date 2019/5/26 14:40
 * @Version 1.0
 */

@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        //浏览器发送/Matthew也来到success
        registry.addViewController("/Matthew").setViewName("success");
    }
}

原理:

  1. WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的字都配置类
  2. 在做其他自动配置时会导入;@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
 @Configuration
    public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {


//从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
@Autowired(
        required = false
    )
    public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
        if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
            this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
        }
    }

	//一个参考实现,将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用
   // public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
   //   Iterator var2 = this.delegates.iterator();

   //     while(var2.hasNext()) {
   //         WebMvcConfigurer delegate = (WebMvcConfigurer)var2.next();
   //         delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
   //     }
  //  }
  1. 容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会起作用;
  2. 我们的配置类也会被调用
    效果:SpringMvc的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用

全面接管SpringMVC

SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了,所有都是我们自己配;所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了
我们需要在配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可。

package com.matthew.springboot04.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;

/**
 * @Description TODO 适用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
 * @Author Matthew
 * @Date 2019/5/26 14:40
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        //浏览器发送/Matthew也来到success
        registry.addViewController("/Matthew").setViewName("success");
    }
}

原理:
为什么@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了;

  1. EnableWebMvc的核心
@Import({DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class})
public @interface EnableWebMvc {
}
@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(
    type = Type.SERVLET
)
@ConditionalOnClass({Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class})

//容器中没有这个组件的时候,这个自动配置类才生效
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class})

@AutoConfigureOrder(-2147483638)
@AutoConfigureAfter({DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class})
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
  1. @EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来;
  2. 导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport知识SpringMvc最基本的功能;

5. 如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置

模式:
1. SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的(@Bean、@Component)如果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才自动配置;如果有些组件由多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和自己默认的组合起来。
2. 在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置
3. 再SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置

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