Spring学习笔记（十二）Spring集成web环境

1.Spring集成web环境

1.1ApplicationContext应用上下文获取方式

• 创建listener包，并创建ContextLoaerListener实现ServletContextListener接口

public class ContextLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener {
    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
        ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        //将Spring的应用上下文存储到ServletContext域当中
        ServletContext servletContext = servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
        servletContext.setAttribute("app",app);
    }

    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {

    }
}

• 在web.xml中配置监听器

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <listener>
    <listener-class>com.brove.listener.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.brove.web.UserServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/userServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

• 修改servlet代码

public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
        ApplicationContext app = (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("app");
        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
    }
}

1.2利用配置文件将Spring配置文件名字与创建Spring容器代码解耦等优化

      下列代码中Spring容器配置文件applicationContext.xml可以为任何名字，后面的开发中可能会更改，所以我们可以利用web.xml配置文件将其与代码解耦,这样后期只需要修改配置文件即可。

    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
        ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        //将Spring的应用上下文存储到ServletContext域当中
        ServletContext servletContext = servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
        servletContext.setAttribute("app",app);
    }

• web.xml文件中配置初始化参数

  <context-param>
    <param-name>applicationcontext</param-name>
    <param-value>applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

• 修改Listener代码

public class ContextLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener {
    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
        ServletContext servletContext = servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
        //读取servletContext全局参数
        String applicationcontext = servletContext.getInitParameter("applicationcontext");
        ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(applicationcontext);
        //将Spring的应用上下文存储到ServletContext域当中
        servletContext.setAttribute("app",app);
    }

    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {

    }
}

• 创建WebApplicationContextUtils获取spring容器让容器的名字不再出现在servlet代码中

public class WebApplicationContextUtils {
    public static ApplicationContext getWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext){
        return (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("app");
    }
}

• servlet修改后的代码

public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
//        ApplicationContext app = (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("app");
        ApplicationContext app = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
    }
}

1.3Spring提供获取应用上下文的工具（相当于1.2优化的封装）

• 导入Spring继承web的坐标
  
• 配置ContextLoaderListener监听器

<!--配置监听器-->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

• 配置初始化参数

  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

• 使用Spring提供的工具获得应用上下文

public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
//        ApplicationContext app = (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("app");
     //   ApplicationContext app = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
        WebApplicationContext app = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
    }
}

注意：这个地方的参数名字只能只能叫contextConfigLocation,因为已经写好的类中就叫这个名字，如果找不到这个名字对应的参数，应用程序会到WEB-INF目录下寻找

第一步创建项目
第二步完善目录结构

第三步添加依赖坐标

 <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.2.1</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

第四步创建servlet对象

public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserServiceImpl.class);
        userService.save();
    }
}

第五步在web.xml文件中配置servlet

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.brove.web.UserServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/userServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

第六步配置Tomcat，发布项目