Spring：JDBC Template使用与例子

1：为了简化持久化操作，Spring在JDBC API之上提供了JDBC Template组件，对JDBC API进行简化，基于JDBC Template操作

//JDBC Template提供统一的模板方法，在保留代码灵活性的基础上，尽量减少持久化代码
//JDBC
Statement statement = conn.createStatement();
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery("select count(*) COUNT from student");
if(resultSet.next()){
Integer count = resultSet.getInt("COUNT");
}
//JDBC Template
Integer count = jt.queryForOject("select count(*) COUNT from student",Integer.class);

2：创建项目

Maven
-Mysql驱动
-Spring组件(core,beans,context,aop)
-JDBC Template(jdbc,tx)

Spring配置
-数据源
-JDBC Template

• 2.1Maven配置依赖

<properties>
    <spring.version>4.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.44</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

• spring.xml配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbctemplate?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf-8"></property>
        <property name="username" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="root"></property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="jdbctemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

3：JDBC Template基本使用

• 3.1execute，用于执行DDL语句

@org.junit.Test
public void testExecute(){
    //获取JDBC Template对象，对象在Spring上下文中
    //Spring上下文通过配置文件构造
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
    //通过bean的id获取jdbcTemplate
    JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = (JdbcTemplate) context.getBean("jdbctemplate");
    //执行语句,一般是DDL语句用于execute中
    jdbcTemplate.execute("create table user1(id int,name varchar(20))");
}

• 3.2update，对数据进行增删查改

public void testUpdate(){
    //构造sql
    String sql ="insert into student(name,sex) value(?,?)";
    //update第一种是使用方式 int update(String sql,Object[] args)
    jdbcTemplate.update(sql,new Object[]{"张飞","男"});
}

public void testUpdate2(){
    //构造sql
    String sql ="update student set sex=? where id=?";
    //update语句第二种使用方式 int update(String sql,Object... args)
    jdbcTemplate.update(sql,"女",1);
}

• 3.3batchUpdate，批量增删改操作

public void testBatchUpdate(){
    //构造sql数组
    String sqls[] = {
            "insert into student(name,sex) value('Derrick','男')",
            "insert into student(name,sex) value('Jessica','女')"
    };
    //batchupdate第一种使用方式int batchUpdate(String[] sql)
    jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sqls);
}

public void testBatchUpdate2(){
    //构造sql数组
    String sql = "insert into selection(student,course) values(?,?)";
    List<Object[]> list = new ArrayList<Object[]>();
    list.add(new Object[]{1,1});
    list.add(new Object[]{1,2});
    //batchupdate第二种使用方式int batchUpdate(String sql,List<Object[]> args)
    jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql,list);
}

• 3.4queryForObject，获取一个数据，查询为简单对象

public void testQuery1(){
    String sql = "select count(*) from student";
    //获取一个
    //T queryForObject(String sql,Class<T> type)
    //T queryForObject(String sql,Object[] args,Class<T> type)
    //T queryForObject(String sql,Class<T> type,Object arg)
    int count = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql,Integer.class);
    System.out.println(count);
}

• 3.5queryForList，获取多个数据，查询为简单对象

public void testQuery2(){
    String sql = "select name from student where sex=?";
    //获取多个
    //T queryForList(String sql,Class<T> type)
    //T queryForList(String sql,Object[] args,Class<T> type)
    //T queryForList(String sql,Class<T> type,Object arg)
    List<String> names = jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql,String.class,"女");
    System.out.println(names);
}

• 3.6queryForMap，获取一个数据，封装为Map

public void testQuery3(){
    String sql = "select * from student where id=?";
    //获取一个
    //Map queryForMap(String sql)
    //Map queryForMap(String sql,Object[] args)
    //Map queryForMap(String sql,Object arg)
    Map<String,Object> stu = jdbcTemplate.queryForMap(sql,1);
    System.out.println(stu);
}

• 3.7queryForList，获取多个数据，封装为Map

public void testQuery4(){
    String sql = "select * from student";
    //获取一个
    //List<Map<String,Object>> queryForList(String sql)
    //List<Map<String,Object>> queryForList(String sql,Object[] args)
    //List<Map<String,Object>> queryForList(String sql,Object arg)
    List<Map<String,Object>> stu = jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql);
    System.out.println(stu);
}
输出：
[{id=1, name=张飞, sex=女, born=null}, {id=2, name=Derrick, sex=男, born=null}, {id=3, name=Jessica, sex=女, born=null}]

• 3.8RowMapper接口进行映射，查询复杂对象（封装为实体对象）

public void testQuery5(){
    String sql = "select * from student where id=?";
    //获取一个
    //T queryForObject(String sql,RowMapper<T> mapper)
    //T queryForObject(String sql,Object[] args,RowMapper<T> mapper)
    //T queryForObject(String sql,RowMapper<T> mapper,Object arg)
    Student stu = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, new RowMapper<Student>() {
        public Student mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
            //用代码组织映射关系
            Student stu = new Student();
            stu.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
            stu.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
            stu.setSex(resultSet.getString("sex"));
            stu.setBorn(resultSet.getDate("born"));
            return stu;
        }
    }, 1);
    System.out.println(stu);
}
public void testQuery6(){
    String sql = "select * from student";
    //获取多个
    //List<T> query(String sql,RowMapper<T> mapper)
    //List<T> query(String sql,Object[] args,RowMapper<T> mapper)
    //List<T> query(String sql,RowMapper<T> mapper,Object arg)
    List<Student> studentList = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new RowMapper<Student>() {
        public Student mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
            Student stu = new Student();
            stu.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
            stu.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
            stu.setSex(resultSet.getString("sex"));
            stu.setBorn(resultSet.getDate("born"));
            return stu;
        }
    });
    System.out.println(studentList);
}

• 3.9优化：创建一个类，继承RowMapper接口，提高代码的重用性

public void testQuery5(){
    String sql = "select * from student where id=?";
    //获取一个
    //T queryForObject(String sql,RowMapper<T> mapper)
    //T queryForObject(String sql,Object[] args,RowMapper<T> mapper)
    //T queryForObject(String sql,RowMapper<T> mapper,Object arg)
    Student stu = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, new studentRowMapper(), 1);
    System.out.println(stu);
}

@org.junit.Test
public void testQuery6(){
    String sql = "select * from student";
    //获取多个
    //List<T> query(String sql,RowMapper<T> mapper)
    //List<T> query(String sql,Object[] args,RowMapper<T> mapper)
    //List<T> query(String sql,RowMapper<T> mapper,Object arg)
    List<Student> studentList = jdbcTemplate.query(sql,new studentRowMapper());
    System.out.println(studentList);
}

private class studentRowMapper implements RowMapper<Student>{
    public Student mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
        Student stu = new Student();
        stu.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
        stu.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
        stu.setSex(resultSet.getString("sex"));
        stu.setBorn(resultSet.getDate("born"));
        return stu;
    }
}

4：JDBC Template持久层示例
-注入JdbcTemplate
-声明RowMapper

• 4.1Dao层

public interface StudentDao {
    void insert(Student stu);
    void update(Student stu);
    void delete(int id);
    Student select(int id);
    List<Student> selectAll();
}
public interface SelectionDao {
    void insert(List<Selection> selections);
    void delete(int sid,int cid);
    List<Map<String,Object>> selectByStudent(int sid);
    List<Map<String,Object>> selectByCourse(int cid);
}
public interface CourseDao {
    void insert(Course course);
    void update(Course course);
    void delete(int id);
    Course select(int id);
    List<Course> selectAll();
}

• 4.2Dao层实现

@Repository
public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {
    //如果要注入对象，则StudentDaoImpl这个对象要被Spring管理
    //使用Repository注解，告诉Spring这是一个持久化对象
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public void insert(Student stu) {
        String sql = "insert into student(name,sex,born) values(?,?,?)";
        //jdbcTemplate自动将util的Date转化为sql的Date
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,stu.getName(),stu.getSex(),stu.getBorn());
    }

    public void update(Student stu) {
        String sql = "update student set name=?,sex=?,born=? where id=?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,stu.getName(),stu.getSex(),stu.getBorn(),stu.getId());
    }

    public void delete(int id) {
        String sql = "delete from student where id=?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,id);
    }

    public Student select(int id) {
        String sql = "select * from student where id=?";
        return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql,new StudentRowMapper(),id);
    }

    public List<Student> selectAll() {
        String sql = "select * from student";
        return jdbcTemplate.query(sql,new StudentRowMapper());
    }

    private class StudentRowMapper implements RowMapper<Student> {
        public Student mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
            Student stu = new Student();
            stu.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
            stu.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
            stu.setSex(resultSet.getString("sex"));
            stu.setBorn(resultSet.getDate("born"));
            return stu;
        }
    }
}

@Repository
public class CourseDaoImpl implements CourseDao {
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public void insert(Course course) {
        String sql = "insert into course(name,score) values(?,?,?)";
        //jdbcTemplate自动将util的Date转化为sql的Date
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,course.getName(),course.getScore());
    }

    public void update(Course course) {
        String sql = "update student set name=?,score=? where id=?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,course.getName(),course.getScore(),course.getId());
    }

    public void delete(int id) {
        String sql = "delete from course where id=?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,id);
    }

    public Course select(int id) {
        String sql = "select * from course where id=?";
        return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql,new CourseRowMapper(),id);
    }

    public List<Course> selectAll() {
        String sql = "select * from course";
        return jdbcTemplate.query(sql,new CourseRowMapper());
    }

    private class CourseRowMapper implements RowMapper<Course> {
        public Course mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
            Course course = new Course();
            course.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
            course.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
            course.setScore(resultSet.getInt("score"));
            return course;
        }
    }
}

@Repository
public class SelectionDaoimpl implements SelectionDao {

    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public void insert(List<Selection> selections) {
        String sql = "insert into selection values(?,?,?,?)";
        //将Selection转换为Object
        List<Object[]> list = new ArrayList<Object[]>();
        for(Selection sel:selections){
            //数组长度为4，因为有4个占位符
            Object[] args = new Object[4];
            args[0] = sel.getSid();
            args[1] = sel.getCid();
            args[2] = sel.getSelTime();
            args[3] = sel.getScore();
            list.add(args);
        }
        jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql,list);
    }

    public void delete(int sid,int cid) {
        String sql = "delete from selection where student = ? and course = ?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,sid,cid);
    }

    public List<Map<String, Object>> selectByStudent(int sid) {
        //连接查询
        String sql = "select se.*,stu.name sname,cou.name cname from selection se " +
                "left join student stu on se.student=stu.id " +
                "left join course cou on se.course=cou.id "+
                "where student=?";
        return jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql,sid);
    }

    public List<Map<String, Object>> selectByCourse(int cid) {
        //连接查询
        String sql = "select se.*,stu.name sname,cou.name cname from selectiocn se " +
                "left join student stu on se.student=stu.id " +
                "left join course cou on se.course=cou.id "+
                "where course=?";
        return jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql,cid);
    }
}

• 4.3 Spring.xml定义包扫描

<context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.sc"/>