JAVA网络编程

JAVA网络编程基础

要素

ip地址：ip号和端口号，下面代码用于获取当前ip地址

InetAddress ip4 = Inet4Address.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(ip4.getHostAddress());

通信协议：网络通信协议

网络通信主要使用TCP和UDP

类（包：java.net.InetAddress）

获得ip：InetAddress.getByName

本机 localhost

端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程:

不同的进程有不同的端口号！用来区分软件

端口范围：0-65535

端口分类：

公有端口：0-1023**（HTTP:80,HTTPS:443,FTP:21,Telent:23）**

程序注册端口：1024-49151**(Tomcat:8080,MySQL:3306,Oracle:1521)**

动态，私有端口：49152-65535

通信协议

tcp/ip协议簇

tcp：用户传输协议

udp：用户数据报协议

使用tcp实现通信（单向，多线程还没学）

客户端代码（注意：关闭资源前要判空，下面代码只判了一个）

public class Client01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os =null;
        try {
            //获得服务器的地址和端口号
            InetAddress ServerIP = InetAddress.getByName("172.16.6.49");
            int port=9999;
            //创建一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(ServerIP,port);
            //发送信息IO流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("实验成功，seeyou".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                socket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                os.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

服务端代码

public class server {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is= null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;

        try {
            //创建一个socket，端口为9999
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            //接受客户端的连接
           while(true) {
               socket = serverSocket.accept();
               //读取客户端发送的信息
               is = socket.getInputStream();

            /*byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
                String s= new String(buffer,0,len);
                System.out.println(s);
            }*/
               //管道流输出信息
               baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
               byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
               int len;
               while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                   baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
                   System.out.println(baos.toString());
               }
           }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(baos!=null) {
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            try {
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                socket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                serverSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
    }
}

文件上传

客户端

public class Client02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建一个socket连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("192.168.100.54"), 9000);
        //创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("src/fengxing.png"));
        //写出文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            os.write(buffer, 0, len);
        }
        //关闭资源，先写后关
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();

    }
}

服务端

public class server02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //创建一个服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        //监听客户端的监听
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听，会一直在等待客户端连接
        //获取输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        //文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.png"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //关闭资源
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

UDP

UDP实现简单通信

发送端

* @PackageName:Networks
 * @ClassName:UdpClient01
 * @Description:使用udp协议进行通信
 * @date 2021/8/13 7:44
 */

public class UdpClient01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //建立一个socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        //建立要发送的包
        String massage = "我使用了udp找到你了";
        InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 8081;
        //数据包
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(massage.getBytes(),0,massage.getBytes().length,address,port);
        //发送包
        socket.send(packet);
        //关闭服务
        socket.close();

    }
}

接收端

* @PackageName:Networks
 * @ClassName:UdpClient02
 * @Description:使用udp协议进行通信
 * @date 2021/8/13 7:58
 */

public class UdpClient02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //建立端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8081);
        //接送数据包
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
        System.out.println("随时能接受包");
        socket.receive(packet);
        //打印发来包的主机ip地址
        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        //打印内容
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
    }
}

UDP实现单向聊天

发送端

* @PackageName:Networks
 * @ClassName:UDPchat01
 * @Description:使用UDP聊天
 * @date 2021/8/13 8:52
 */

public class UDPchat01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //建立进程端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8083);

        //从控制台读取数据
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        while (true){

            String message =reader.readLine();
            //根据控制台输入建立数据包
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(message.getBytes(),0,message.getBytes().length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8084));
            //发送数据包
            socket.send(packet);

            if (message.equals("bye")) {
                break;
            }

        }
        //关闭socket服务
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收端

* @PackageName:Networks
 * @ClassName:UDPchat02
 * @Description:
 * @date 2021/8/13 8:52
 */

public class UDPchat02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8084);

        while (true){
            //接收包
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
            socket.receive(packet);//阻塞性接收,需要使用多线程才能实现相互交流
            //打印内容
            String recive = new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getData().length);
            System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress()+":"+recive);

            //需要用trim去掉缓冲区后面的空格,不然bye后面跟着1021个空格,无法正常退出
            if (recive.trim().equals("bye")){
                break;
            }



        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

UDP实现实时通信(终于能玩了)

发送线程

 * @PackageName:Networks
 * @ClassName:ThreadUDP01
 * @Description:发送线程
 * @date 2021/8/13 9:50
 */

public class ThreadUDP01 implements Runnable{
    //属性
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;
    //目前没啥用
    private int fPort;
    //目的地
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;

    //构造函数
    public ThreadUDP01(int fPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
        this.fPort = fPort;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;
        try {
            //目前没啥用
            this.socket = new DatagramSocket(fPort);
            //从控制台读取信息
            this.reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){

            try {
                //读取控制台一行信息
                String message =reader.readLine();
                //根据控制台输入建立数据包
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(message.getBytes(),0,message.getBytes().length,new InetSocketAddress(toIP,toPort));
                //发送数据包
                socket.send(packet);

                if (message.equals("bye")) {
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
        //关闭socket服务
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收线程

* @PackageName:Networks
 * @ClassName:ThreadUDP02
 * @Description:接收线程
 * @date 2021/8/13 9:50
 */

public class ThreadUDP02 implements Runnable{
    //属性
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int port;
    //谁发送的信息,目前是固定写死的,以后可以动态读取
    private String fName;
    //构造函数
    public ThreadUDP02(int port, String fName) {
        try {
            this.socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        this.port = port;
        this.fName = fName;
    }


    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            //接收包
            try {
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞性接收,需要使用多线程才能实现相互交流
                //打印内容
                String recive = new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getData().length);
                System.out.println(fName+":"+recive);

                if (recive.trim().equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

学生端与教师端

 * @PackageName:Networks
 * @ClassName:ChatStudent
 * @Description:学生端
 * @date 2021/8/15 8:33
 */

public class ChatStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new ThreadUDP01(6666,"localhost",8100)).start();
        new Thread(new ThreadUDP02(7777,"老师")).start();
    }
}

 * @PackageName:Networks
 * @ClassName:ChatTeacher
 * @Description:教师端
 * @date 2021/8/15 8:33
 */

public class ChatTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new ThreadUDP01(8200,"localhost",7777)).start();
        new Thread(new ThreadUDP02(8100,"学生")).start();
    }
}

老师好
老师:你好,有什么问题吗
做个实验,成功了
老师:那就好
bye
老师:bye

Process finished with exit code 0

学生:老师好
你好,有什么问题吗
学生:做个实验,成功了
那就好
学生:bye
bye

Process finished with exit code 0

bye

Process finished with exit code 0