G. Garage（数论/规律）

题目

题意

定义奇妙数x 为，存在两个正整数b>a,x = b * b - a * a
求第n个奇妙数，1<=n<=1e9

思路

b * b - a * a = (b+a) * (b-a)

• 当b,a奇偶性不同时，b+a,b-a都是奇数，所以(b+a) * (b-a)是奇数。我们发现，所有奇数，除了1，都是奇妙数。
• 当b,a奇偶性相同时，b+a,b-a都是偶数，所以(b+a) * (b-a)是4的倍数，我们发现，所有4的倍数，除了4，都是奇妙数。

代码

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
const int maxn = 200010;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;

/*
b*b - a*a = (b + a) * (b - a), b > a
case 1: b and a have different parity.
---> all odd numbers are avaiable.(expect for 1)

case 2: b and a have the same parity.
---> all numbers, which modulos 4 is 0, is available(expect for 4)

x = 2 * k + 1, k >= 1
x = 4 * k, k >= 1

3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12

2 * 2 - 1 * 1 = 3,
3 * 3 - 2 * 2 = 5,
4 * 4 - 3 * 3 = 7,
3 * 3 - 1 * 1 = 8
*/
ll n, m, res;
int mp[] = {0, 1, 3};
void solve() {
	scanf("%lld", &n);
	if (n == 1LL) {
		res = 3;
	} else {
		n -= 1;
		res = 4LL + 4 * (n / 3);
		n %= 3;
		res += mp[n];
	}
	printf("%lld\n", res);
}

int main() {
	int t;
//	scanf("%d", &t);
	t = 1; 
	while (t--) {
		solve();
	}
}