Centos——安装mysql

Centos——安装mysql

参考文档：https://blog.csdn.net/hxfghgh/article/details/99675087
1.使用xftp工具将下载好的mysql上传至服务器

[root@localhost tmp]# ls
mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

2.解压：

[root@localhost tmp]# tar -Jxf mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@localhost tmp]# ls
mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz 

3.将文件移动至/usr/local 下，并重命名为mysql

[root@localhost tmp]# mv mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost tmp]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
bin  docs  include  lib  LICENSE  LICENSE.router  man  README  README.router  run  share  support-files  var

4.创建文件夹 /data/mysql/data

[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data

5.卸载系统自带的maridb

[root@localhost /]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
mariadb-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost /]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost /]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost /]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost /]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
[root@localhost /]# 

6.在 /data/mysql/data/目录下编辑my.cnf

[root@localhost /]# cd /data/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# cd data/
[root@localhost data]# vi my.cnf

my.cnf的内容如下：

[client]
port=3306
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port=3306
user=mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/data
log-error=/data/mysql/error.log
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci
lower_case_table_names = 1
sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_I
N_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO"

7.创建用户组和用户(若提示已存在，说明之前创建过，不用管)：

[root@localhost data]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost data]# useradd -g mysql mysql

8.更改目录和文件权限：

[root@localhost data]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
[root@localhost data]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
#将读写权限赋值给两个文件夹
[root@localhost data]# chmod -R 755 /data/mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost data]# 

9.初始化mysql（需记录初始化密码）：

[root@localhost data]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
2019-10-12T06:08:17.285639Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.17) initializing of server in progress as process 20753
2019-10-12T06:08:19.064620Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary 
# 一定要记住这个初始化密码，登录的时候需要
password is generated for root@localhost: pjGe/)Q.a8a7
2019-10-12T06:08:20.499405Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.17) initializing of server has completed

10.启动mysql

[root@localhost mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
. SUCCESS! 

11.登录mysql：这里的登录密码就是之前初始化需要记住的密码

[root@localhost init.d]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
……………………………………
mysql>

这步如果提示：bash:mysql:未找到命令…
需要打开编辑系统环境变量文件 /etc/profile，把 MySQL 的 bin 路径加入到环境变量中：
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

12.授权以及设置账户可以远程连接

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';		#修改密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select host,user from user;			#  查看权限，%表示全网 localhost表示内网允许
+-----------+------------------+
| host      | user             |
+-----------+------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
| localhost | root             |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update user set host = '%' where user ='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+------------------+
| host      | user             |
+-----------+------------------+
| %         | root             |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

修改密码时若遇到报错，可以先运行下flush privileges; 语句，再进行修改密码操作