1. filter
1.1 pom 引入
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
1.2 创建filter:
- 实现 javax.servlet.Filter
1.3 注册
web.xml 注册:
<!--配置过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>myfilter1</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.zh.controller.fiter.Myfilter1</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>myfilter1</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
@webFilter
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
@WebFilter(filterName = "myfiter3",urlPatterns = "*.do")
public class Myfilter2 implements Filter {
public Myfilter2 () {
System.out.println("myfilter2 创建对象");
}
String name = null;
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
name = filterConfig.getFilterName();
// 服务启动时调用
System.out.println(filterConfig.getFilterName()+" 初始化成功");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println(name+" 调用");
HttpServletResponse response1 = (HttpServletResponse) response;
PrintWriter writer = response1.getWriter();
chain.doFilter(request,response);
writer.print(name);
System.out.println(name+ " 完成");
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("myfilter2 销毁");
}
}
1.4 注意
- filter 的执行顺序默认是按照注册的顺序来的
- 请求如果将输出流关闭那么请求,结束。但,业务继续执行
- 调用chain.doFilter方法是继续执行过滤链。如果没有调用将不向下执行
- filter中的url 拦截如果重复那么都会去拦截,servlet 的url 只会执行一个,比如: servlet1 是 *.do,servlet2是 /d.do,当执行 /d.do 那么就是 servlet2执行,servlet1不会执行
2. Listener 监听器
2.1 ServletContextListener
2.1.1作用:
监听application的创建和销毁
2.1.2 application:
application 的创建是在服务启动的时,销毁是服务器关闭时
2.1.3 创建 ServletContextListener监听:
实现 ServletContextListener:
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
/**
* 监听 application 创建和销毁
*/
public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
// ServletContext servletContext = sce.getServletContext();
// System.out.println(servletContext.getRealPath("/index.jsp"));
System.out.println("application 对象创建监听");
}
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
System.out.println("application 对象销毁");
}
}
配置 web.xml
<!--监听器-->
<listener>
<listener-class>com.zh.controller.listener.MyServletContextListener</listener-class>
</listener>
2.2 ServletContextAttributeListener
2.2.1 作用:
监听application域的属性操作,如 添加、修改、 删除
2.2.2 注意:
添加是获取新值,删除和修改都是获取旧值。
2.2.3 实现自定义的application 监听:
- 实现 ServletContextAttributeListener 接口重写 方法
- 注册web.xml
2.2.3 其他的监听
- HttpSessionListener [session域的创建或销毁]
- session的创建时间是 第一次请求
- HttpSessionAttributeListener [session 域的]
- ServletRequestListener
- request的创建时间是 每一次请求抵达servlet之前,销毁时间是请求结束
- ServletRequestAttributeListener
2.3 HttpSessionBindingListener
自定义HttpSessionBindingListener:
- 实现 HttpSessionBindingListener
- 在session域中setAttribute放入此实例,做注册
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
// 自定义 HttpSessionBindingListener 监听
public class MyHttpSessionBindingListener implements HttpSessionBindingListener {
/**
* 用户名称
*/
private String name;
public MyHttpSessionBindingListener(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
ServletContext servletContext = event.getSession().getServletContext();
List<String> userNameList = (List<String>) servletContext.getAttribute("userNameList");
if (userNameList == null) {
userNameList = new ArrayList<>();
}
userNameList.add(name);
System.out.println(userNameList);
servletContext.setAttribute("userNameList",userNameList);
}
@Override
public void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
ServletContext servletContext = event.getSession().getServletContext();
List<String> userNameList = (List<String>) servletContext.getAttribute("userNameList");
System.err.println("valueUnbound " +event.getName() +", name =" +name);
userNameList.remove(name);
}
}
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(name= "myServlet3",urlPatterns = "/my.do")
public class MyServlet3 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
String name = req.getParameter("name");
// 注册
session.setAttribute("li",new MyHttpSessionBindingListener(name));
}
}
与 HttpSessionListener 的区别:
- HttpSessionListener只需要设置到web.xml就可以监听整个应用中的所有session
- HttpSessionBindingListener必须实例化后放入某一个session中,才能监听
- HttpSessionListener设置一次就可以监听所有session
- HttpSessionBindingListener通常是一对一
调用 valueUnbound 的时机:
- 执行session.invalidate()时。
- session超时,自动销毁时。
- 执行session.setAttribute(“onlineUserListener”, “其他对象”);或session.removeAttribute(“onlineUserListener”);将listener从session中删除时。(会先执行 valueBound 方法,之后再执行 valueUnbound)