什么是hibernate?
Hibernate是一个开放源代码的对象关系映射框架,它对JDBC进行了非常轻量级的对象封装,它将POJO与数据库表建立映射关系,是一个全自动的orm框架,hibernate可以自动生成SQL语句,自动执行,使得Java程序员可以随心所欲的使用对象编程思维来操纵数据库。 Hibernate可以应用在任何使用JDBC的场合,既可以在Java的客户端程序使用,也可以在Servlet/JSP的Web应用中使用,最具革命意义的是,Hibernate可以在应用EJB的JaveEE架构中取代CMP,完成数据持久化的重任。
使用hibernate完成CRUD操作
导入pom依赖:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zking</groupId>
<artifactId>liyi_hibernate</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>liyi_hibernate Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<servlet.version>4.0.0</servlet.version>
<hibernate.version>5.3.0.Final</hibernate.version>
<mysql.driver.version>5.1.46</mysql.driver.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${servlet.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.driver.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>liyi_hibernate</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
<target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
<encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
修改web.xml由2.3至3.0:
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
</web-app>
实体类User:
package com.liyi.one.entity;
public class User {
private Integer sid;
private String sname;
private String sex;
public Integer getSid() {
return sid;
}
public void setSid(Integer sid) {
this.sid = sid;
}
public String getSname() {
return sname;
}
public void setSname(String sname) {
this.sname = sname;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public User() {
super();
}
public User(Integer sid, String sname, String sex) {
super();
this.sid = sid;
this.sname = sname;
this.sex = sex;
}
public User(String sname, String sex) {
this.sname = sname;
this.sex = sex;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [sid=" + sid + ", sname=" + sname + ", sex=" + sex + "]";
}
}
新建配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- 1. 数据库相关 -->
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">123</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_0601?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
</property>
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- 配置本地事务(No CurrentSessionContext configured!) -->
<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!-- 3. 添加实体映射文件 -->
<mapping resource="com/liyi/one/entity/User.hbm.xml" />
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
配置实体类的User.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<!--
class标签:
name:对应的是需要映射的实体类的全路径名
table:实体类对应的数据库中的表
id标签:配置的是表中的主键
name:对应的是实体类的属性名
type:指的是实体类数据类型
column:数据库表对应的列段
property:配置除去主键以外列段对应的类属性映射关系
name:对应的是实体类的属性名
type:指的是实体类数据类型
column:数据库表对应的列段
insert="false" update="false"
上面的表示的含义是:该列段或者该属性制作查询用,不做更新
-->
<class name="com.liyi.one.entity.User" table="tb_stu">
<id name="sid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="sid">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="sname" type="java.lang.String" column="sname">
</property>
<property name="sex" type="java.lang.String" column="sex">
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
新增代码: InsertDemo.java
package com.liyi.one.demo;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.liyi.one.entity.User;
/**
* hibernate新增演示
* @author 224李毅
*
*/
public class InsertDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
//会话 而这里的会话指的是操作数据库的连接
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
session.save(new User("王主席", "女"));
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
删除代码DeleteDemo:
package com.liyi.one.demo;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.liyi.one.entity.User;
/**
* hibernate删除演示
* @author 224李毅
*
*/
public class DeleteDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
//会话 而这里的会话指的是操作数据库的连接
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
for (int i = 16; i < 20; i++) {
User user = new User();
user.setSid(i);
session.delete(user);
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
查询代码QueryDemo.java:
package com.liyi.one.demo;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
/**
* hibernate查询演示
* @author 224李毅
*
*/
public class QueryDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
//会话 而这里的会话指的是操作数据库的连接
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
List list = session.createQuery("from User").list();
for (Object obj : list) {
System.out.println(obj);
}
session.close();
}
}
修改代码UpdateDemo.java:
package com.liyi.one.demo;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.liyi.one.entity.User;
/**
* hibernate修改演示
* @author 224李毅
*
*/
public class UpdateDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
//会话 而这里的会话指的是操作数据库的连接
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//session.save(new User("王主席", "女"));
User user = session.get(User.class, 15);
user.setSname("汪主席");
System.out.println(user);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
操作步骤:
1 、读取配置
2 、创建SessionFactory
3 、打开Session
4、 开启事务
5、 CURD
6、 提交事务/回滚事务
7、 关闭Session
注意事项:
1、 hibernate默认使用的是手动事务,因此必须显示的开启和提交事务
2 、删除操作时,必须先查再删
Hibernate管理对象的三种状态理解图: