SpringMVC
SpringMVC属于三层架构中的表现层的框架
什么是三层架构?
SpringMVC中M、V、C、指的是什么?
SpringMVC是什么?
入门程序的需求分析
搭建开发环境
pom.xml主要配置如下坐标
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern></url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
在resources下创建一个spring config 叫springmvc.xml
编写入门程序
- 上面的配置文件不变,写一个index.jsp页面,再写一个success.jsp页面
HelloController.java
package com.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
//控制器类
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping(path = "/hello")
public String sayHello(){
System.out.println("Hello SpringMVC");
return "success";
}
}
springmvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--开启注解扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com"/>
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--开启springMVC框架注解的支持-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
成功页面
2. 流程总结
3. 组件介绍
RequestMapping注解
作用:用于建立请求URL和处理请求方法之间的对应关系。
请求参数绑定
- 请求参数绑定实体类型
<form action="param/saveAccount" method="post">
姓 名:<input type="text" name="username"/><br/>
密 码:<input type="text" name="password"/><br/>
金 额:<input type="text" name="money"/><br/>
用户姓名:<input type="text" name="user.uname"/><br/>
用户年龄:<input type="text" name="user.age"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
</form>
@RequestMapping("/saveAccount")
public String saveAccount(Account account){
System.out.println("执行了...");
System.out.println(account);
return "success";
}
@Data
private String username;
private String password;
private Double money;
private User user;
- 配置解决中文乱码的过滤器
点击查看:配置解决中文乱码的过滤器 - 请求参数绑定集合类型
<form action="param/saveAccount" method="post">
姓 名:<input type="text" name="username"/><br/>
密 码:<input type="text" name="password"/><br/>
金 额:<input type="text" name="money"/><br/>
用户姓名:<input type="text" name="list[0].uname"/><br/>
用户年龄:<input type="text" name="list[0].age"/><br/>
用户姓名:<input type="text" name="map['one'].uname"/><br/>
用户年龄:<input type="text" name="map['one'].age"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
</form>
@RequestMapping("/saveAccount")
public String saveAccount(Account account){
System.out.println("执行了...");
System.out.println(account);
return "success";
}
@Data
private String username;
private String password;
private Double money;
//private User user;
private List<User> list;
private Map<String,User> map;
- 自定义类型转换器
点击查看:自定义类型转换器 - 获取Servlet原生API
<a href="param/testServlet">Servlet原生的API</a>
@RequestMapping("/testServlet")
public String testServlet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
System.out.println("执行了...");
System.out.println(request);
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
System.out.println(session);
ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
System.out.println(servletContext);
System.out.println(response);
return "success";
}
结果:
常用注解
1.RequestParam注解
原来?后面接username,在controller里必须用username接,现在用RequestParam注解可以自定义名称如name但是?后面必须是name。
<a href="anno/testRequestParam?name=haha">RequestParam</a>
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/anno")
public class AnnoController {
@RequestMapping("/testRequestParam")
public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(name = "name") String username){
System.out.println("执行了...");
System.out.println(username);
return "success";
}
}
2.RequestBody注解
获取请求体的内容
<form action="anno/testRequestBody" method="post">
用户姓名:<input type="text" name="username"/><br/>
用户年龄:<input type="text" name="age"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
</form>
@RequestMapping("/testRequestBody")
public String testRequestBody(@RequestBody String body){
System.out.println("执行了...");
System.out.println(body);
return "success";
}
3.PathVariable注解
Restful风格
<a href="anno/testPathVariable/10">testPathVariable</a>
@RequestMapping("/testPathVariable/{sid}")
public String testPathVariable(@PathVariable(name="sid") String id){
System.out.println("执行了...");
System.out.println(id);
return "success";
}
4.HiddentHttpMethodFilter过滤器
5.RequestHeader注解
<a href="anno/testRequestHeader">testRequestHeader</a>
@RequestMapping("/testRequestHeader")
public String testRequestHeader(@RequestHeader(value = "Accept") String header){
System.out.println("执行了...");
System.out.println(header);
return "success";
}
6.CookieValue注解
<a href="anno/testCookieValue">testCookieValue</a>
@RequestMapping("/testCookieValue")
public String testCookieValue(@CookieValue(value = "JSESSIONID") String cookieValue){
System.out.println("执行了...");
System.out.println(cookieValue);
return "success";
}
7.ModelAttribute注解
案例一
<form action="anno/testModelAttribute" method="post">
用户姓名:<input type="text" name="username"/><br/>
用户年龄:<input type="text" name="age"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
</form>
@RequestMapping("/testModelAttribute")
public String testModelAttribute(){
System.out.println("执行了...");
return "success";
}
@ModelAttribute
public void showUser(){
System.out.println("shoeUser执行了...");
}
ModelAttribute注解优先执行了
案例二
<form action="anno/testModelAttribute" method="post">
用户姓名:<input type="text" name="uname"/><br/>
用户年龄:<input type="text" name="age"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
</form>
@RequestMapping("/testModelAttribute")
public String testModelAttribute(User user){
System.out.println("执行了...");
System.out.println(user);
return "success";
}
@ModelAttribute
public void showUser(){
System.out.println("shoeUser执行了...");
}
User类里面date是空
案例二解决方式一
<form action="anno/testModelAttribute" method="post">
用户姓名:<input type="text" name="uname"/><br/>
用户年龄:<input type="text" name="age"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
</form>
@RequestMapping("/testModelAttribute")
public String testModelAttribute(User user){
System.out.println("执行了...");
System.out.println(user);
return "success";
}
/**
* 该方法会先执行
*/
@ModelAttribute
public User showUser(String uname){
System.out.println("shoeUser执行了...");
//通过用户uname查询数据库(模拟)
User user = new User();
user.setUname(uname);
user.setAge(20);
user.setDate(new Date());
return user;
}
案例二解决方式二
<form action="anno/testModelAttribute" method="post">
用户姓名:<input type="text" name="uname"/><br/>
用户年龄:<input type="text" name="age"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
</form>
@RequestMapping("/testModelAttribute")
public String testModelAttribute(@ModelAttribute(value = "abc") User user){
System.out.println("执行了...");
System.out.println(user);
return "success";
}
@ModelAttribute
public void showUser(String uname, Map<String,User> map){
System.out.println("shoeUser执行了...");
//通过用户uname查询数据库(模拟)
User user = new User();
user.setUname(uname);
user.setAge(20);
user.setDate(new Date());
map.put("abc",user);
}
8.SessionAttributes注解
案例一在request域中
<a href="anno/testSessionAttributes">testSessionAttributes</a>
@RequestMapping("/testSessionAttributes")
public String testSessionAttributes(Model model){
System.out.println("testSessionAttributes...");
//底层会存储到request域对象中
model.addAttribute("msg","美美");
return "success";
}
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>成功的页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>入门成功</h3>
${ requestScope }
</body>
</html>
案例二在session域中
SessionAttributes注解只能作用在类上
<a href="anno/testSessionAttributes">testSessionAttributes</a>
@SessionAttributes(value = {"msg"}) //把msg=美美存入到session域对中
public class AnnoController {
。。。。。省略
@RequestMapping("/testSessionAttributes")
public String testSessionAttributes(Model model){
System.out.println("testSessionAttributes...");
//底层会存储到request域对象中
model.addAttribute("msg","美美");
return "success";
}
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>成功的页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>入门成功</h3>
<%-- ${ requestScope }--%>
${ sessionScope }
</body>
</html>
案例三getSessionAttributes
<a href="anno/getSessionAttributes">getSessionAttributes</a>
@RequestMapping("/getSessionAttributes")
public String getSessionAttributes(ModelMap modelMap){
System.out.println("getSessionAttributes...");
String msg = (String) modelMap.get("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
return "success";
}
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>成功的页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>入门成功</h3>
{msg}
<%-- ${ requestScope }--%>
${ sessionScope }
</body>
</html>
案例四delSessionAttributes
<a href="anno/delSessionAttributes">delSessionAttributes</a>
@RequestMapping("/delSessionAttributes")
public String delSessionAttributes(SessionStatus status){
System.out.println("delSessionAttributes...");
status.setComplete();
return "success";
}
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>成功的页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>入门成功</h3>
{msg}
<%-- ${ requestScope }--%>
${ sessionScope }
</body>
</html>
响应数据和结果视图
响应返回类型
1.响应之返回值类型是String类型
2.响应之返回值类型是void类型
3.响应之返回值是ModelAndView类型
4.响应之使用forward和redirect进行页面跳转