《Python 自然语言处理》学习笔记--第二章：获得文本语料和词汇资源

获取文本语料库

古腾堡语料库

>>> import nltk
>>> nltk.corpus.gutenberg.fileids()
['austen-emma.txt', 'austen-persuasion.txt', 'austen-sense.txt', 'bible-kjv.txt', 'blake-poems.txt', 'bryant-stories.txt', 'burgess-busterbrown.txt', 'carroll-alice.txt', 'chesterton-ball.txt', 'chesterton-brown.txt', 'chesterton-thursday.txt', 'edgeworth-parents.txt', 'melville-moby_dick.txt', 'milton-paradise.txt', 'shakespeare-caesar.txt', 'shakespeare-hamlet.txt', 'shakespeare-macbeth.txt', 'whitman-leaves.txt']
>>> emma = nltk.corpus.gutenberg.words('austen-emma.txt')
#另一种版本的import，简洁
>>>from nltk.corpus import gutenberg
>>> gutenberg.fileids()
['austen-emma.txt', 'austen-persuasion.txt', 'austen-sense.txt', 'bible-kjv.txt', 'blake-poems.txt', 'bryant-stories.txt', 'burgess-busterbrown.txt', 'carroll-alice.txt', 'chesterton-ball.txt', 'chesterton-brown.txt', 'chesterton-thursday.txt', 'edgeworth-parents.txt', 'melville-moby_dick.txt', 'milton-paradise.txt', 'shakespeare-caesar.txt', 'shakespeare-hamlet.txt', 'shakespeare-macbeth.txt', 'whitman-leaves.txt']
>>> emma = gutenberg.words('austen-emma.txt')

统计平均词长，平均句子长度和每个词出现的平均次数（词汇多样性得分）
>>> for fileid in gutenberg.fileids():
#raw()提供了没有进行过语言学处理的文件内容，因此len是包含了空格的词汇个数
...     num_chars = len(gutenberg.raw(fileid))
...     num_words = len(gutenberg.words(fileid))
#sent()把文本划成句子
...     num_sents = len(gutenberg.sents(fileid))
...     num_vocab = len(set([w.lower() for w in gutenberg.words(fileid)]))
...     print (int(num_chars/num_words),int(num_words/num_sents),int(num_words/num_vocab),fileid)
...
4 24 26 austen-emma.txt
4 26 16 austen-persuasion.txt
4 28 22 austen-sense.txt
4 33 79 bible-kjv.txt
4 19 5 blake-poems.txt
4 19 14 bryant-stories.txt
4 17 12 burgess-busterbrown.txt
4 20 12 carroll-alice.txt
4 20 11 chesterton-ball.txt
4 22 11 chesterton-brown.txt
4 18 10 chesterton-thursday.txt
4 20 24 edgeworth-parents.txt
4 25 15 melville-moby_dick.txt
4 52 10 milton-paradise.txt
4 11 8 shakespeare-caesar.txt
4 12 7 shakespeare-hamlet.txt
4 12 6 shakespeare-macbeth.txt
4 36 12 whitman-leaves.txt
>>> macbeth_sentences = gutenberg.sents('shakespeare-macbeth.txt')
>>> macbeth_sentences[1037]
['Good', 'night', ',', 'and', 'better', 'health', 'Attend', 'his', 'Maiesty']
>>> longest_len = max([len(s) for s in macbeth_sentences])
>>> [s for s in macbeth_sentences if len(s)==longest_len]
[['Doubtfull', 'it', 'stood', ',', 'As', 'two', 'spent', 'Swimmers', ',', 'that', 'doe', 'cling', 'together', ',', 'And', 'choake', 'their', 'Art', ':', 'The', 'mercilesse', 'Macdonwald', '(',...]]

网络和聊天文本

>>> from nltk.corpus import webtext
>>> for fileid in webtext.fileids():
...     print(fileid, webtext.raw(fileid)[:65],'...')
...
firefox.txt Cookie Manager: "Don't allow sites that set removed cookies to se ...
grail.txt SCENE 1: [wind] [clop clop clop]
KING ARTHUR: Whoa there!  [clop ...
overheard.txt White guy: So, do you have any plans for this evening?
Asian girl ...
pirates.txt PIRATES OF THE CARRIBEAN: DEAD MAN'S CHEST, by Ted Elliott & Terr ...
singles.txt 25 SEXY MALE, seeks attrac older single lady, for discreet encoun ...
wine.txt Lovely delicate, fragrant Rhone wine. Polished leather and strawb ...

>>> from nltk.corpus import nps_chat
>>> chatroom = nps_chat.posts('10-19-20s_706posts.xml')
>>> chatroom[123]
['i', 'do', "n't", 'want', 'hot', 'pics', 'of', 'a', 'female', ',', 'I', 'can', 'look', 'in', 'a', 'mirror', '.']

布朗语料库

>>> from nltk.corpus import brown
#文体
>>> brown.categories()
['adventure', 'belles_lettres', 'editorial', 'fiction', 'government', 'hobbies', 'humor', 'learned', 'lore', 'mystery', 'news', 'religion', 'reviews', 'romance', 'science_fiction']
>>> brown.words(categories='news')
['The', 'Fulton', 'County', 'Grand', 'Jury', 'said', ...]
#文件名
>>> brown.words(fileids=['cg22'])
['Does', 'our', 'society', 'have', 'a', 'runaway', ',', ...]
>>> brown.sents(categories=['news','editorial',])
[['The', 'Fulton', 'County', 'Grand', 'Jury', 'said', 'Friday', 'an', 'investigation', 'of', "Atlanta's", 'recent', 'primary', 'election', 'produced', '``', 'no', 'evidence', "''", 'that', 'any', 'irregularities', 'took', 'place', '.'], ['The', 'jury', 'further', 'said', 'in', 'term-end', 'presentments', 'that', 'the', 'City', 'Executive', 'Committee', ',', 'which', 'had', 'over-all', 'charge', 'of', 'the', 'election', ',', '``', 'deserves', 'the', 'praise', 'and', 'thanks', 'of', 'the', 'City', 'of', 'Atlanta', "''", 'for', 'the', 'manner', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'election', 'was', 'conducted', '.'], ...]
>>> brown.sents(categories=['news','editorial','reviews'])
[['The', 'Fulton', 'County', 'Grand', 'Jury', 'said', 'Friday', 'an', 'investigation', 'of', "Atlanta's", 'recent', 'primary', 'election', 'produced', '``', 'no', 'evidence', "''", &#