Ajax最初是由 Google公司在开发Google地图的使用,后来被大量使用
AJAX应用程序与浏览器和平台无关的
js原生AJAX
代码执行顺序
1.创建
2.打开
3.发送
4.设置属性
- 1 创建XMLHttpRequest对象
- 2 然后用这个对象操作open()方法 即 XMLHttpRequest.open(“post”,url,true);
- 3 用这个对象操作send()方法
- 4 用这个对象操作onreadystatechange这个属性 即XMLHttpRequest.onreadystatechange=callback; //指定响应函数
onreadystatechange=函数名; //注意这里直接加函数名,而不是function(),否则函数将无法正常执行
具体操作如下:
html代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>ajax</title>
</head>
<body>
<button onclick="fun()">点击</button>
<p id="uname"></p>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-1.8.3.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
function fun() {
//1.创建xmlhttprequest对象
var xmlhttp;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
} else {// code for IE6, IE5
xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
//2.open()
xmlhttp.open("GET", "/AjaxServlet?uname=lilei", true);
//3.send()
xmlhttp.send();
//4.设置回调函数
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function() {
if (xmlhttp.status == 200 && xmlhttp.readyState == 4) {
var message = xmlhttp.responseText;
$("#uname").html(message);
}
}
}
</script>
</html>
servlet代码
public class AjaxServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request,response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String uname = request.getParameter("uname");
System.out.println(uname);
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
writer.write(uname);
}
}
效果图:
GET 还是 POST?
与 POST 相比,GET 更简单也更快,并且在大部分情况下都能用。
然而,在以下情况中,请使用 POST 请求:
- 无法使用缓存文件(更新服务器上的文件或数据库)
- 向服务器发送大量数据(POST 没有数据量限制)
- 发送包含未知字符的用户输入时,POST 比 GET 更稳定也更可靠
jQuery实现AJAX
jQuery实现AJAX是使用了json格式来展现的
json是什么?
格式:
{
key:value,
key:value,
key:value
}
案例:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>ajax</title>
</head>
<body>
<select id="select">
<option>请选择</option>
</select>
<table id="table" border="1">
<tr>
<td>姓名</td>
<td>年龄</td>
<td>地址</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-1.8.3.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
//定义json对象
var user = {
name: "张三",
age: 23,
address: "湖北武汉"
}
//定义数组
var city = ["湖北", "北京", "上海", "广州"]
//定义对象数组
var users = [{
name: "李四",
age: 43,
address: "湖北荆门"
}, {
name: "王五",
age: 13,
address: "湖北十堰"
}, {
name: "赵柳",
age: 22,
address: "湖北荆州"
}];
$(function () {
//定义json对象
$("#table").append("<tr><td>" + user.name + "</td><td>" + user.age + "</td><td>" + user.address + "</td></tr>");
//遍历json数组
$(city).each(function (i) {
$("#select").append("<option>" + this + "</option>");
});
//遍历对象数组
$(users).each(function () {
$("#table").append("<tr><td>" + this.name + "</td><td>" + this.age + "</td><td>" + this.address + "</td></tr>");
})
})
</script>
</html>
效果图:
案例:使用ajax异步验证该用户名是否被注册
使用两种方法实现:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>注册</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="#" method="get">
<tr>
<td>用户名:</td>
<td><input type="text" id="uname"> <span id="span"></span></td>
</tr>
</form>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-1.8.3.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*//方法一 原生js实现ajax
$("#uname").blur(function () {
var $uname = $("#uname").val();
var xmlhttp;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
} else {// code for IE6, IE5
xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
var url = "/RegisterServlet?uname="+$uname;
xmlhttp.open("GET", url, true);
xmlhttp.send();
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function() {
if (xmlhttp.status == 200 && xmlhttp.readyState == 4) {
var message = xmlhttp.responseText;
if (message==0){
$("#span").html("该用户已被注册。").css("color","red");
}else {
$("#span").html("放心注册。").css("color","green");
}
}
}
});*/
//方法二 使用jQuery实现ajax
$("#uname").blur(function () {
var $uname = $("#uname").val();
$.ajax({
url:"/RegisterServlet",
type:"get",
dataType:"html",
data:{
uname:$uname
},
success:function (data) {
if (data==0){
$("#span").html("该用户已被注册。").css("color","red");
}else {
$("#span").html("放心注册。").css("color","green");
}
}
})
});
</script>
</html>
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request,response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
String uname = request.getParameter("uname");
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
if ("admin".equals(uname)){
writer.write("0");
}else{
writer.write("1");
}
writer.flush();
writer.close();
}
}
效果图:
使用ajax的好处在于可以异步刷新页面,用户体验感较好。