1.2网络通信的要素
- 通信双方的地址:
-
ip
-
端口号
规则:网络通信协议
1.3 IP地址
ip地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台主机
-
127.0.0.1 本机localhost
-
ip地址的分类
- ivp4/ipv6
- ipv4: 32位
- ipv6: 128位
- 公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.XX.XX,专门给组织内部使用(局域网)
- ivp4/ipv6
-
域名:记忆IP问题
package lesson1.com.day1; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.UnknownHostException; //测试IP public class TestInetAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { try { //查询本机地址 InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); System.out.println(inetAddress1); InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); System.out.println(inetAddress2); InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); System.out.println(inetAddress3); //查询百度地址 InetAddress inetAddress5 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com"); System.out.println(inetAddress5); //常用方法 System.out.println(inetAddress1.getAddress()); System.out.println(inetAddress1.getCanonicalHostName()); //规范化 System.out.println(inetAddress1.getHostAddress()); //ip System.out.println(inetAddress1.getHostName()); //域名,或者自己电脑的名字 } catch (UnknownHostException e) { // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块 e.printStackTrace(); } } }
1.4端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
-
端口分类
-
共有端口0~1023
- HTTP :80
- HTTPS : 443
- FTP : 21
- TELENT: 2
-
程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat: 8080
- MySQL : 3306
- Oracle :1521
-
动态,私有 :49152~65535
netstat -ano # cmd命令,查看本机的所有端口 netstat -an0|findstr "5900" # 查看指定端口的进程 tasklist|findstr "8689" # 查看指定端口的进程
package lesson1.com.p2; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; public class TextInetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080); InetSocketAddress socketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080); System.out.println(socketAddress); System.out.println(socketAddress1); System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostString()); } }
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-
1.5通信协议
TCP/IP,UDP
1.6TCP
客户端
- 连接服务器
- 发送消息
package lesson1.com.p3;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TextClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2。创建一个socket的连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//3.发送消息IO流,(先获得一个IO流对象,在向IO中写信息,有中文的话要转成字节流如 .getBytep())
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,欢迎学习Java网络编程".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器端
- 建立服务器的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的连接accept
- 接收用户的消息
package lesson1.com.p3;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TectServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.我有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while(true) {
//2.等待客户端连接
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户段数据(先创建输入流)
is = socket.getInputStream();
//添加管道流,即修饰类
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer))!= -1) { //先从InputStream中读取数据,在写进ByteArrayOutputStream管道流中
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(baos !=null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器端:
package lesson1.com.p4;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class TextServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听用户的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
// Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
// input.hasNext();
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.获取文件流,输出文件
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("1.text"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer))!= -1) { //先从InputStream中读取数据,在写进ByteArrayOutputStream管道流中
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕!".getBytes());
//5.关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端
package lesson1.com.p4;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TextClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.创建一个socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("1.txt"));
//4.写文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = fis.read(buffer))!= -1) { //先从InputStream中读取数据,在写进ByteArrayOutputStream管道流中
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();
//确定服务器接收完毕
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer1 = new byte[2048];
int len1;
while((len1 = is.read(buffer1))!= -1) { //先从InputStream中读取数据,在写进ByteArrayOutputStream管道流中
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭文件
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务器
- 自定义s
- Tomcat
客户端
- 自定义
- 浏览器B
1.7 UDP
不用连接,需要知道服务器的地址
发送消息
发送端
package lesson1.com.p5;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
//不需要服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8080);
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好啊,服务器!";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//参数( 数据,数据的长度,要发送给谁,端口号)
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package lesson1.com.p5;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0,buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞接受
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
循环发送
发送方:
package lesson1.com.p6;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据,控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while(true) {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收方
package lesson1.com.p6;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpReceiverDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while(true) {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
System.out.println("*************");
break;
}
}
System.out.println("--------------");
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询
两个人都可以是发送方,也都可以是接收方
发送方:
package lesson1.com.p6;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP ;
private int toPort;
//参数(本机端口号,目的IP,目的IP的端口)
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
//准备数据,控制台读取System.in
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public TalkSend() {
super();
}
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
while(true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收方:
package lesson1.com.p6;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
//参数(本地接收数据的端口,发送端的名字)
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
super();
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(this.port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
while(true) {
try {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
老师线程:
package lesson1.com.p6;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//老师向学生的端口8888发送消息
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
//老师的9999端口等待着学生传来的数据
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
学生线程:
package lesson1.com.p6;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
//学生向老师的端口9999发送消息
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
//学生的8888端口等待着学生传来的数据
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
1.8URL
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析:将域名解析成一个IP地址
协议://IP.地址:端口/项目名/资源 (可以少,不能多)
通过输入URL来下载资源
package lesson1.com.p7;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helleworld"); //""中表示要下载的资源的超链接,即url
//2. 连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//建立url字节输出流,将url中的资源输出到buffer字节数组中
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
//创建文件流,将读取到的数据读到文件中
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("Laikang.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len =inputStream.read(buffer))!= -1) { //从url中读取数据
fos.write(buffer,0,len); //将buffer的数据写进文件中
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}
1.9总结
1.9.1 IP
-
可以使用InetAddress.getByName()来创建一个网络地址,其中的参数可以是
-
一个32位的点分十进制的ip地址 , 如“127.0.0.1”
-
或者用localhost表示本机的ip地址,如“ localhost”
-
可以通 过调用InetAddress.getLocalHost()方法来获取本机的IP地址的网络地址。
-
也可以用域名来,如"www.baidu.com"
-
-
可以使用InetSocketAddress()来创建一个网络地址,其中有两个参数第一个是IP,第二个是端口
- 如:
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
1.9.3 TCP
- 服务器端
- 可以用ServerSocket来创建服务器的套接字,在使用accept()方法来监听来自客户端的连接,如:
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000); //创建服务器套接字端口
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); //创建一个Socket 实例来接收监听到的客户Socket
- 客户端
- 客户端如果要连接到服务器端的话需要知道服务器的地址,因此要先用InetAddress创建一个服务器地址对象,在用Socket连接服务器。如下:
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); //创建服务器的地址对象
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port); //连接服务器
1.9.4 UDP
-
UDP虽然是不用连接的,但是依旧要用到Socket,只不过这种Socket是DatagramSocket类型的,因为发送方需要知道接收方的IP地址以及端口,故发送端需创建接收端地址对象,并用DatagramPacket构建好要发送的数据包,使用send()方法发送数据包,而接受端也需要建立
-
DatagramSocket的Socket来接收发送方的数据,在接收数据之前需要先创建一个DatagramPacket的包对象,用来接收发送方发送来的数据报,接收过程使用的是receiver方法,其是使用阻塞时接收的。
发送方:
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8080);
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好啊,服务器!";
//创建服务器地址对象
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
//服务器端口号
int port = 9090;
//将数据打包,其中参数为:( 数据,数据的长度,目的地址,目的地址的端口号)
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
接收方:
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
//创建包对象,用于存放接收到的包
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0,buffer.length);
//将接收到的包存放到packet中
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞接受