TypeScript 的初步使用

TypeScript 的初步使用

TypeScript中文网介绍

介绍

• TypeScript主要是为JavaScript提供了类型系统和ES6的语法支持
• TypeScript有自己的编译工具, 写好的代码会通过编译器编译成为JavaScript代码进行运行

使用

• 安装 : npm i typescript -g
• 安装好之后,全局会提供一个tsc命令使用
• 新建文件01-demo.ts

  let num :number = 100
  num = 200
  

• 执行命名tsc 01-demo.ts之后会编译出一个01-demo.js的文件

  var num = 100;
  num = 200;
  

TS的配置文件

1. 初始化配置文件 tsc --init 生成一个tsconfig.json的文件
2. tsconfig.json部分字段说明

• target: 将TS代码转换为JS那个版本的代码ES5.ES3都可以
• module: 使用哪种模块化标准转换TS的代码
• outDir: 转换TS代码之后存放在那个文件夹下面
• rootDir: 将指定目录下的TS代码进行转换
• strict: 是否将代码按照严格模式转换

  {
    "compilerOptions": {
      /* Basic Options */
      // "incremental": true,                   /* Enable incremental compilation */
      "target": "es5",                          /* Specify ECMAScript target version: 'ES3' (default), 'ES5', 'ES2015', 'ES2016', 'ES2017', 'ES2018', 'ES2019' or 'ESNEXT'. */
      "module": "commonjs",                     /* Specify module code generation: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es2015', or 'ESNext'. */
      // "lib": [],                             /* Specify library files to be included in the compilation. */
      // "allowJs": true,                       /* Allow javascript files to be compiled. */
      // "checkJs": true,                       /* Report errors in .js files. */
      // "jsx": "preserve",                     /* Specify JSX code generation: 'preserve', 'react-native', or 'react'. */
      // "declaration": true,                   /* Generates corresponding '.d.ts' file. */
      // "declarationMap": true,                /* Generates a sourcemap for each corresponding '.d.ts' file. */
      // "sourceMap": true,                     /* Generates corresponding '.map' file. */
      // "outFile": "./",                       /* Concatenate and emit output to single file. */
      "outDir": "./dist",                        /* Redirect output structure to the directory. */
      "rootDir": "./src",                       /* Specify the root directory of input files. Use to control the output directory structure with --outDir. */
      // "composite": true,                     /* Enable project compilation */
      // "tsBuildInfoFile": "./",               /* Specify file to store incremental compilation information */
      // "removeComments": true,                /* Do not emit comments to output. */
      // "noEmit": true,                        /* Do not emit outputs. */
      // "importHelpers": true,                 /* Import emit helpers from 'tslib'. */
      // "downlevelIteration": true,            /* Provide full support for iterables in 'for-of', spread, and destructuring when targeting 'ES5' or 'ES3'. */
      // "isolatedModules": true,               /* Transpile each file as a separate module (similar to 'ts.transpileModule'). */
  
      /* Strict Type-Checking Options */
      "strict": true,                           /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */
      // "noImplicitAny": true,                 /* Raise error on expressions and declarations with an implied 'any' type. */
      // "strictNullChecks": true,              /* Enable strict null checks. */
      // "strictFunctionTypes": true,           /* Enable strict checking of function types. */
      // "strictBindCallApply": true,           /* Enable strict 'bind', 'call', and 'apply' methods on functions. */
      // "strictPropertyInitialization": true,  /* Enable strict checking of property initialization in classes. */
      // "noImplicitThis": true,                /* Raise error on 'this' expressions with an implied 'any' type. */
      // "alwaysStrict": true,                  /* Parse in strict mode and emit "use strict" for each source file. */
  
      /* Additional Checks */
      // "noUnusedLocals": true,                /* Report errors on unused locals. */
      // "noUnusedParameters": true,            /* Report errors on unused parameters. */
      // "noImplicitReturns": true,             /* Report error when not all code paths in function return a value. */
      // "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,    /* Report errors for fallthrough cases in switch statement. */
  
      /* Module Resolution Options */
      // "moduleResolution": "node",            /* Specify module resolution strategy: 'node' (Node.js) or 'classic' (TypeScript pre-1.6). */
      // "baseUrl": "./",                       /* Base directory to resolve non-absolute module names. */
      // "paths": {},                           /* A series of entries which re-map imports to lookup locations relative to the 'baseUrl'. */
      // "rootDirs": [],                        /* List of root folders whose combined content represents the structure of the project at runtime. */
      // "typeRoots": [],                       /* List of folders to include type definitions from. */
      // "types": [],                           /* Type declaration files to be included in compilation. */
      // "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,  /* Allow default imports from modules with no default export. This does not affect code emit, just typechecking. */
      "esModuleInterop": true,                  /* Enables emit interoperability between CommonJS and ES Modules via creation of namespace objects for all imports. Implies 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports'. */
      // "preserveSymlinks": true,              /* Do not resolve the real path of symlinks. */
      // "allowUmdGlobalAccess": true,          /* Allow accessing UMD globals from modules. */
  
      /* Source Map Options */
      // "sourceRoot": "",                      /* Specify the location where debugger should locate TypeScript files instead of source locations. */
      // "mapRoot": "",                         /* Specify the location where debugger should locate map files instead of generated locations. */
      // "inlineSourceMap": true,               /* Emit a single file with source maps instead of having a separate file. */
      // "inlineSources": true,                 /* Emit the source alongside the sourcemaps within a single file; requires '--inlineSourceMap' or '--sourceMap' to be set. */
  
      /* Experimental Options */
      // "experimentalDecorators": true,        /* Enables experimental support for ES7 decorators. */
      // "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,         /* Enables experimental support for emitting type metadata for decorators. */
  
      /* Advanced Options */
      "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true  /* Disallow inconsistently-cased references to the same file. */
    }
  }
  

TS的类型说明

详细文档
注意点

• 在指定数组类型的时候必须指定数据类型
  • let arr: Array<number> = [1,2,3]
  • let arr1: Array<string> = ['1','2','3']
• 定义数组的第二种方法
  • let arr2: number[] = [1,2,3]
  • let arr3: string[] = ['1','2','3']

let num: number = 100
num = 200
// 指定函数类型 输入的实参只能是指定的类型  返回的参数也是指定的类型
function func(m: number, n: number): number {
    return m + n
}

// number
let num1: number = 100
num1 = 300

// srting
let str: string = "123"
str = "100"

// 布尔类型
let flag: boolean = true
let flag1: boolean = false

// 数组 注意使用的时候必须指定数据的类型 不可以单独使用 Array 
let arr: Array<number> = [1,2,3]
let arr1: Array<string> = ["1", "2", "3"]
let arr2: Array<any> = [1, "2", false]
let arr3: number[] = [1,2,3]