并发8:Condition介绍及使用

1. 前言

　Condition是用来替代传统的Object的wait()、notify()的，相比使用Object的wait()、notify()实现线程间协作更加安全和高效

2. 介绍

1. 生成一个Condition的代码是lock.newCondition()
2. 调用Condition的await()和signal()方法，都必须在lock之内，就是说必须在lock.lock()和lock.unlock之间才可以使用
3. Condition中的await()对应Object的wait()
4. Condition中的signal()对应Object的notify()
5. Condition中的signalAll()对应Object的notifyAll()

3. 简单的使用

3.1. Object.wait()

public class ConditionDemo1 { Object lock = new Object(); public static void main(String[] args) { ConditionDemo1 demo = new ConditionDemo1(); new Thread(() -> demo.test1()).start(); new Thread(() -> demo.test2()).start(); } void test1() { synchronized (lock){ System.out.println("1号 上锁"); try { lock.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("1号 收到信号不等了"); } System.out.println("1号 完全释放锁"); } void test2() { synchronized (lock){ System.out.println("2号 上锁"); lock.notifyAll(); System.out.println("2号 叫醒1号"); } System.out.println("2号 完全释放锁"); } }

运行结果如下

• 1号 上锁
• 2号 上锁
• 2号 叫醒1号
• 2号 完全释放锁
• 1号 收到信号不等了
• 1号 完全释放锁

3.2. lock.newCondition()

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; public class ConditionDemo2 { ReentrantLock lock; Condition condition; ConditionDemo2() { lock = new ReentrantLock(); condition = lock.newCondition(); } public static void main(String[] args) { ConditionDemo2 demo = new ConditionDemo2(); new Thread(() -> demo.test1()).start(); new Thread(() -> demo.test2()).start(); } void test1() { try { lock.lock(); System.out.println("1号 上锁"); try { System.out.println("1号 等待"); condition.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("1号 收到信号不等了"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); System.out.println("1号 释放锁"); } } void test2() { try { lock.lock(); System.out.println("2号 上锁"); condition.signalAll(); System.out.println("2号 叫醒1号"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); System.out.println("2号 释放锁"); } } }

运行结果如下

• 1号 上锁
• 1号 等待
• 2号 上锁
• 2号 叫醒1号
• 2号 完全释放锁
• 1号 收到信号不等了
• 1号 释放锁

4. 生产消费模式

4.1. Object.wait()

import java.util.LinkedList; /** * 生产消费 列队最大10 */ public class ConditionDemo3 { volatile LinkedList<Integer> list = new LinkedList(); static final int MAX_SIZE = 10; Object lock = new Object(); public static void main(String[] args) { ConditionDemo3 demo = new ConditionDemo3(); new Thread(() -> demo.test1(), "c1").start(); new Thread(() -> demo.test1(), "c2").start(); new Thread(() -> demo.test2(), "p1").start(); new Thread(() -> demo.test2(), "p2").start(); } void test1() { String name = Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":"; synchronized (lock) { System.out.println(name + "上锁"); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { while (list.size() == MAX_SIZE) { try { lock.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(name + "等待"); } list.add(i); lock.notifyAll(); } } System.out.println(name + "释放锁"); } void test2() { String name = Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":"; synchronized (lock) { System.out.println(name + "上锁"); while (true) { while (list.isEmpty()) { try { lock.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(name + "list为空-等待"); } System.out.println(name + "消费" + list.removeFirst() + "\t" + "list容量为:" + (list.size() + 1)); lock.notifyAll(); } } } }

4.2. lock.newCondition()

package com.luban.self; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; /** * 生产消费 列队最大10 */ public class ConditionDemo4 { volatile LinkedList<Integer> list = new LinkedList(); static final int MAX_SIZE = 10; ReentrantLock lock; Condition product; Condition customer; ConditionDemo4() { lock = new ReentrantLock(); product = lock.newCondition(); customer = lock.newCondition(); } public static void main(String[] args) { ConditionDemo4 demo = new ConditionDemo4(); new Thread(() -> demo.test1(), "c1").start(); new Thread(() -> demo.test1(), "c2").start(); new Thread(() -> demo.test2(), "p1").start(); new Thread(() -> demo.test2(), "p2").start(); } void test1() { String name = Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":"; try { lock.lock(); System.out.println(name + "上锁"); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { while (list.size() == MAX_SIZE) { try { product.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(name + "等待"); } list.add(i); customer.signalAll(); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); System.out.println(name + "释放锁"); } } void test2() { String name = Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":"; try { lock.lock(); System.out.println(name + "上锁"); while (true) { while (list.isEmpty()) { try { customer.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(name + "list为空-等待"); } System.out.println(name + "消费" + list.removeFirst() + "\t" + "list容量为:" + (list.size() + 1)); product.signalAll(); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } }

5. 总结

可以看到使用#newCondition方法时可以明确的指定具体将那种类型的锁取消等待, 在线程多的情况下可以起到很大的优化