QT实现TCP网络通信

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前言

一、目标

实现一个服务器端和客户端

二、思路总览

图片的总体流程整理如下:服务器端创建套接字后连续调用bind、listen函数进入等待状态，客户端通过调用connect函数发起连接请求。如果客户端在调用connect前服务器端就已经率先调用了accept,那么此时服务器端会进入阻塞状态直到客户端调用connect为止。说通俗点就是最顺畅的方式就是客户端先调用connect然后服务器端调用accept。如果服务器端先调用accept，那就阻塞一下等待客户端调用connect就是了。之后就可以进行数据交换了。
QT的TCP网络通信也是这个思想，只不过QT给他们进行了封装，使得程序员用起来更简单了。

服务器端主要代码

//创建服务器套接字
m_s = new QTcpServer(this); 
//启动监听
void MainWindow::on_setListen_clicked()
{
    unsigned short port = ui->port->text().toUShort();
    m_s->listen(QHostAddress::Any,port);
    ui->setListen->setDisabled(true);
}
//有客户端连接就会触发newConnection信号
connect(m_s,&QTcpServer::newConnection,this,[=]()
{});
//得到用于通信的套接字
m_tcp = m_s->nextPendingConnection();
//客户端发来数据就会触发readyRead信号
connect(m_tcp,&QTcpSocket::readyRead,this,[=]()
{}）;
//对方断开连接后就会触发disconnected信号
connect(m_tcp,&QTcpSocket::disconnected,this,[=]()
{});

客户端主要代码

//创建用于通信的套接字
m_tcp = new QTcpSocket;
//发起连接请求
m_tcp->connectToHost(QHostAddress(ip),port)
//连接成功就会触发connected信号
connect(m_tcp,&QTcpSocket::connected,this,[=]()
{});
//对方有数据传来就会触发readyRead信号
connect(m_tcp,&QTcpSocket::readyRead,this,[=]()
{});
//客户端断开连接
m_tcp->close();
//双方断开连接后就会触发disconnected信号
connect(m_tcp,&QTcpSocket::disconnected,this,[=]()
{});

三、代码

客户端代码

mainwindow.h

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QTcpSocket>
#include<QLabel>

namespace Ui {
class MainWindow;
}

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~MainWindow();

private slots:
    void on_connect_clicked();

    void on_sendMsg_clicked();

    void on_disconnect_clicked();

private:
    Ui::MainWindow *ui;
    QTcpSocket *m_tcp;
    QLabel *m_status;
};

#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

mainwindow.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"

#include <QHostAddress>

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    m_tcp = new QTcpSocket;
    ui->setupUi(this);
    ui->port->setText("8899");
    ui->ip->setText("127.0.0.1");
    ui->disconnect->setDisabled(true);
    ui->connect->setDisabled(false);
    m_status = new QLabel;
    ui->statusbar->addWidget(new QLabel("连接状态"));
    ui->statusbar->addWidget(m_status);
    m_status->setPixmap(QPixmap(":/false.jpg").scaled(20,20));
    setWindowTitle("客户端");

    connect(m_tcp,&QTcpSocket::connected,this,[=]()
    {
       m_status->setPixmap(QPixmap(":/right.jpg").scaled(20,20));
       ui->record->append("成功和服务器建立连接!");
       ui->connect->setDisabled(true);
       ui->disconnect->setDisabled(false);
    });
    connect(m_tcp,&QTcpSocket::readyRead,this,[=]()
    {
        QByteArray data = m_tcp->readAll();
        ui->record->append("服务器说:"+data);
    });

    connect(m_tcp,&QTcpSocket::disconnected,this,[=]()
    {
        //m_tcp->close();
        //m_tcp->deleteLater();
        //去掉上两行可以解决闪退问题
        m_status->setPixmap(QPixmap(":/false.jpg").scaled(20,20));
        ui->record->append("已和服务器断开连接!");
        ui->connect->setDisabled(false);
        ui->disconnect->setDisabled(true);
    });
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    delete ui;
}

void MainWindow::on_connect_clicked()
{
    unsigned short port = ui->port->text().toUShort();
    //unsigned short ip = ui->ip->text().toUShort();
    QString ip = ui->ip->text();
    m_tcp->connectToHost(QHostAddress(ip),port);
}

void MainWindow::on_sendMsg_clicked()
{
    QString msg = ui->msg->toPlainText();
    ui->record->append("客户端说:"+msg);
    m_tcp->write(msg.toUtf8());
    ui->msg->clear();
}

void MainWindow::on_disconnect_clicked()
{
    m_tcp->close();
    ui->connect->setDisabled(false);
    ui->disconnect->setDisabled(true);
}

mainwindow.ui

服务器端代码

mainwindow.h

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QTcpSocket>
#include<QTcpServer>
#include<QLabel>

namespace Ui {
class MainWindow;
}

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~MainWindow();

private slots:
    void on_setListen_clicked();

    void on_sendMsg_clicked();

private:
    Ui::MainWindow *ui;
    QTcpServer *m_s;
    QTcpSocket *m_tcp;
    QLabel *m_status;
};

#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

mainwindow.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"


MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{

    ui->setupUi(this);
    setWindowTitle("服务器");
    m_s = new QTcpServer(this);
    ui->port->setText("8899");
    m_status = new QLabel;
    ui->statusbar->addWidget(new QLabel("连接状态"));
    ui->statusbar->addWidget(m_status);
    m_status->setPixmap(QPixmap(":/false.jpg").scaled(20,20));

    connect(m_s,&QTcpServer::newConnection,this,[=]()
    {
       m_tcp = m_s->nextPendingConnection();
       ui->record->append("成功和客户端建立了连接!");
       m_status->setPixmap(QPixmap(":/right.jpg").scaled(20,20));
       connect(m_tcp,&QTcpSocket::readyRead,this,[=]()
       {
           QByteArray data = m_tcp->readAll();
           ui->record->append("客户端说:"+data);
       });
       connect(m_tcp,&QTcpSocket::disconnected,this,[=]()
       {
           ui->record->append("客户端断开了连接!");
           m_tcp->close();
           m_tcp->deleteLater();
           m_status->setPixmap(QPixmap(":/false.jpg").scaled(20,20));
       });

    });

}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    delete ui;
}

void MainWindow::on_setListen_clicked()
{
    unsigned short port = ui->port->text().toUShort();
    m_s->listen(QHostAddress::Any,port);
    ui->setListen->setDisabled(true);
}

void MainWindow::on_sendMsg_clicked()
{
    QString msg = ui->msg->toPlainText();
    m_tcp->write(msg.toUtf8());
    ui->record->append("服务器说:"+msg);
    ui->msg->clear();
}

mainwindow.ui

注意事项

由于用到了网络编程，所以必须在pro文件中加入以下代码

QT       += network

四、 运行截图

参考链接：
https://subingwen.cn/qt/socket-tcp/