多线程之ABA问题

1、ABA问题

使用AtomicReference的变量在修改变量之前，感知不到其他线程对变量的修改。

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

@Slf4j
public class ABA问题 {

    static AtomicReference<String> ref = new AtomicReference<>("A");

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        log.debug("mian start ......");
        //获取A的值
        //这个共享变量被其他线程修改过
        String prev = ref.get();
        other();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        //尝试改为C
        log.debug("change A -> C {}",ref.compareAndSet(prev,"C"));
    }

    public static void other() throws InterruptedException {
        new Thread(() -> {
            log.debug("change A -> B {}",ref.compareAndSet(ref.get(),"B"));
        },"t1").start();
        Thread.sleep(500);
        new Thread(() -> {
            log.debug("change B -> A {}",ref.compareAndSet(ref.get(),"A"));
        },"t2").start();
    }
}

输出：

19:17:45.888 [main] DEBUG ABA问题 - mian start ......
19:17:45.968 [t1] DEBUG ABA问题 - change A -> B true
19:17:46.477 [t2] DEBUG ABA问题 - change B -> A true
19:17:47.485 [main] DEBUG ABA问题 - change A -> C true

---

2、解决ABA问题（一）

使用AtomicStampedReference解决ABA问题，使用了版本号解决。

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicStampedReference;

@Slf4j
public class 解决ABA问题 {

    static AtomicStampedReference<String> ref = new AtomicStampedReference<>("A",0);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        log.debug("mian start ......");
        //获取A的值
        //这个共享变量被其他线程修改过
        String prev = ref.getReference();
        //获取版本号
        int stamp = ref.getStamp();
        other();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        //尝试改为C
        log.debug("change A -> C {}",ref.compareAndSet(prev,"C",stamp,stamp + 1));
    }

    public static void other() throws InterruptedException {
        new Thread(() -> {
            int stamp = ref.getStamp();
            log.debug("change A -> B {}",ref.compareAndSet(ref.getReference(),"B",stamp,stamp+1));
        },"t1").start();
        Thread.sleep(500);
        new Thread(() -> {
            int stamp = ref.getStamp();
            log.debug("change B -> A {}",ref.compareAndSet(ref.getReference(),"A",stamp,stamp+1));
        },"t2").start();
    }
}

解决：

20:51:38.275 [main] DEBUG ABA问题 - mian start ......
20:51:38.347 [t1] DEBUG ABA问题 - change A -> B true
20:51:38.847 [t2] DEBUG ABA问题 - change B -> A true
20:51:39.847 [main] DEBUG ABA问题 - change A -> C false

解决ABA问题（二）

如果只是期望知道主线程在修改之前有没有被别的线程修改过，使用AtomicMarkableReference即可实现。

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicMarkableReference;

@Slf4j
public class ABA问题2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        GarbageBag bag = new GarbageBag("装满了垃圾");
        AtomicMarkableReference<GarbageBag> ref = new AtomicMarkableReference<>(bag,true);

        log.debug("start...");
        GarbageBag prev = ref.getReference();
        log.debug(prev.toString());

        new Thread(() -> {
            log.debug("start....");
            bag.setDesc("空垃圾袋");
            ref.compareAndSet(bag,bag,true,false);
            log.debug(bag.toString());
        }).start();

        Thread.sleep(1000);
        log.debug("想换一只新塑料袋？");
        boolean success = ref.compareAndSet(prev, new GarbageBag("空塑料袋"), true, false);
        log.debug("换了么？ {}",success);
        log.debug(ref.getReference().toString());
    }
}

class GarbageBag{
    private String desc;

    public GarbageBag(String desc){
        this.desc = desc;
    }

    public void setDesc(String desc) {
        this.desc = desc;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "GarbageBag{" +
                "desc='" + desc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

输出：

00:17:59.983 [main] DEBUG ABA问题2 - start...
00:17:59.988 [main] DEBUG ABA问题2 - GarbageBag{desc='装满了垃圾'}
00:18:00.062 [Thread-0] DEBUG ABA问题2 - start....
00:18:00.063 [Thread-0] DEBUG ABA问题2 - GarbageBag{desc='空垃圾袋'}
00:18:01.063 [main] DEBUG ABA问题2 - 想换一只新塑料袋？
00:18:01.063 [main] DEBUG ABA问题2 - 换了么？ false
00:18:01.065 [main] DEBUG ABA问题2 - GarbageBag{desc='空垃圾袋'}