docker的常用命令


以下内容来自: https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?

帮助命令

docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令

官方文档:https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/

镜像命令

1. docker images 查看所有本地主机上的镜像

carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world   latest    bf756fb1ae65   13 months ago   13.3kB

# 可选项
-a,--all		# 列出所有的镜像
-q,--quiet		# 只显示镜像的id

2. docker search 搜索镜像

carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10461     [OK]
mariadb                           MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3888      [OK]

# 可选项,通过收藏来过滤
--filter-STARS=3000		# 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10461     [OK]
mariadb   MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3888      [OK]

3. docker pull 下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest	# 如果不写 tag,默认就是 latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Pull complete	# 分层下载 docker image 的核心 联合文件系统
f6c208f3f991: Pull complete
88a9455a9165: Pull complete
406c9b8427c6: Pull complete
7c88599c0b25: Pull complete
25b5c6debdaf: Pull complete
43a5816f1617: Pull complete
1a8c919e89bf: Pull complete
9f3cf4bd1a07: Pull complete
80539cea118d: Pull complete
201b3cad54ce: Pull complete
944ba37e1c06: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:feada149cb8ff54eade1336da7c1d080c4a1c7ed82b5e320efb5beebed85ae8c	# 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest	# 真实地址

# 等价于
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

# 指定版本下载
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Already exists
f6c208f3f991: Already exists
88a9455a9165: Already exists
406c9b8427c6: Already exists
7c88599c0b25: Already exists
25b5c6debdaf: Already exists
43a5816f1617: Already exists
1831ac1245f4: Pull complete
37677b8c1f79: Pull complete
27e4ac3b0f6e: Pull complete
7227baa8c445: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

4. docker rmi 删除镜像

docker rmi -f 镜像id # 删除指定的镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id # 删除多个镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部的镜像
docker images -qf dangling=true | xargs docker rmi # 删除没有 tag 的镜像

容器命令

说明:我们有了镜像才可以创建容器,linux,下载一个 centos 镜像来测试学习

docker pull centos

1. 创建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

# 参数说明
--name="Name"	容器名字	tomcat01	tomcat02,用来区分容器
-d		后台方式运行
-it		使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p		指定容器的端口 -p	8080:8080
	-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
	-p 主机端口:容器端口 (常用)
	-p 容器端口
	容器端口
-p		随机指定端口

# 测试,启动并进入容器
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@860b4417d75b /]# ls	# 查看容器内的centos,基础版本,很多命令多少不完善的!
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

# 从容器中退回主机
[root@860b4417d75b /]# exit
exit

2. 列出所有的运行的容器

# docker ps 命令
	# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a	# 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
-n=?	# 显示最近创建的容器
-q	# 只显示容器的编号

carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
860b4417d75b   centos        "/bin/bash"   21 minutes ago   Exited (0) 18 minutes ago             reverent_perlman
67ab5ae7d677   hello-world   "/hello"      55 minutes ago     Exited (0) 33 hours ago               sleepy_germain

3. 退出容器

exit	# 直接容器停止并退出
ctrl+p+q	# 容器不停止退出

4. 删除容器

docker rm 容器id						# 删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,如果强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)		# 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm 	# 删除所有的容器
docker ps -aqf status=exited | xargs docker rm	# 删除所有停止的容器

5. 启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id		# 启动容器
docker restart 容器id	# 重启容器
docker stop 容器id		# 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id		# 强制停止当前容器

常见其他命令

1. 后台启动容器

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名!
docker run -d centos
# 问题docker ps,发现 centos 停止了

# 常见的坑,docker 容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker 发现没有应用,就会自动停止
# nginx,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,就是没有程序了

2. 查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器,没有日志

# 自己编写一段

carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo aaa;sleep 1;done"


carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
bd2cfc2aec0b   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   18 seconds ago   Up 17 seconds             admiring_feynman

# 显示日志
-tf		# 显示日志
--tail number	# 要显示日志条数
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker logs -tf --tail 10 bd2cfc2aec0b

3. 查看容器中进程信息 ps

# 命令 docker top 容器 id
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker top bd2cfc2aec0b
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY  
root                130209              130185              0                   08:54               ? 
root                131063              130209              0                   09:02               ? 

4. 查看镜像的元数据

# 命令
docker inspect 容器id

# 测试
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker inspect bd2cfc2aec0b
[
    {
        "Id": "bd2cfc2aec0b916caf878f4eb44537e5296f0e09b9b5bb148b21306be159ccb1",
        "Created": "2021-02-06T00:54:53.580972654Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo aaa;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 130209,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-02-06T00:54:53.943027386Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/bd2cfc2aec0b916caf878f4eb44537e5296f0e09b9b5bb148b21306be159ccb1/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/bd2cfc2aec0b916caf878f4eb44537e5296f0e09b9b5bb148b21306be159ccb1/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/bd2cfc2aec0b916caf878f4eb44537e5296f0e09b9b5bb148b21306be159ccb1/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/bd2cfc2aec0b916caf878f4eb44537e5296f0e09b9b5bb148b21306be159ccb1/bd2cfc2aec0b916caf878f4eb44537e5296f0e09b9b5bb148b21306be159ccb1-json.log",
        "Name": "/admiring_feynman",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6cca131d7e937c0c198a0407e4dd24c63db8c96c034f2ea853a54224f7772105-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/78af14cbacdec89aaf539c7994fb922bf370b55e71be5fe8c5ce5c9c1af96b1a/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6cca131d7e937c0c198a0407e4dd24c63db8c96c034f2ea853a54224f7772105/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6cca131d7e937c0c198a0407e4dd24c63db8c96c034f2ea853a54224f7772105/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6cca131d7e937c0c198a0407e4dd24c63db8c96c034f2ea853a54224f7772105/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "bd2cfc2aec0b",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo aaa;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "d3ae378e28c38667fbb2c12c4c917559fb943f7b02bbf82624b4f6ddcf9c634e",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/d3ae378e28c3",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "cdb5298f0a46f3023c4e111a9296bce5d8a42d8f06e1f1d296e4361f466a5acb",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "025295bc658f3d465800c33d3886fbc3c6b4fb24148916574c412fcbcf8f7fe2",
                    "EndpointID": "cdb5298f0a46f3023c4e111a9296bce5d8a42d8f06e1f1d296e4361f466a5acb",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

5. 进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置

# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell

carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
bd2cfc2aec0b   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   26 minutes ago   Up 26 minutes             admiring_feynman

carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker exec -it bd2cfc2aec0b /bin/bash

[root@bd2cfc2aec0b /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

[root@bd2cfc2aec0b /]# ps -ef
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root           1       0  0 00:54 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo aaa;sleep 1;done
root        1609       0  0 01:21 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        1717       1  0 01:23 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root        1718    1609  0 01:23 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef

# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ docker attach bd2cfc2aec0b
正在执行当前的代码...

# docker exec	# 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach 	# 进入容器后正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程!

6. 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的地主机路径

carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@9dda95da4476 /]# cd /home
# 在容器内创建一个文件
[root@9dda95da4476 home]# touch test.java
[root@9dda95da4476 home]# exit

carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
9dda95da4476   centos        "/bin/bash"              2 minutes ago    Exited (0) 39 seconds ago              confident_swirles
# 将这文件拷贝出来到主机上
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker cp 9dda95da4476:/home/test.java /usr/local
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ cd /usr/local
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:/usr/local$ ll
-rw-r--r--  1 root  root     0 Feb  6 09:32 test.java

# 拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我使用 -v 卷的技术,可以实现

小结

attach	# 当前 shell 下 attach 连接指定运行镜像
build	# 通过 Dockerfile 定制镜像
commit	# 提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp		# 从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
create	# 创建一个新的容器,同 run,但不启动容器
diff	# 查看 docker 容器变化
events	# 从docker 服务获取容器实时事件
exec	# 在已存在的容器上运行命令
export	# 导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar 归档文件[对于 import ]
history	# 展示一个镜像形成历史
images	# 列出系统当前镜像
import 	# 从 tar 包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应 export ]
info	# 显示系统相关信息
inspect	# 查看容器详细信息
kill	# kill 指定 docker 容器
load	# 从一个 tar 包中加载一个镜像[对应 save]
login	# 注册或者登陆一个 docker 源服务器
logout	# 从当前 Docker registry 退出
logs	# 输出当前容器日志信息
port	# 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
pause	# 暂停容器
ps		# 列出容器列表
pull	# 从 docker 镜像源服务器拉指定镜像或者库镜像
push	# 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至 docker 源服务器
restart	# 重启运行的容器
rm		# 移除一个或者多个容器
rmi		# 移除一个或者多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除,否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除]
run		# 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
save	# 保存一个镜像为一个 tar 包[对应 load ]
search	# 在 docker hub 中搜索镜像
start 	# 启动容器
stop	# 停止容器
tag		# 给源中镜像打标签
top		# 查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause	# 取消暂停容器
version	# 查看 docker 版本号
wait	# 截取容器停止是的退出状态值 
  • 0
    点赞
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论

“相关推荐”对你有帮助么?

  • 非常没帮助
  • 没帮助
  • 一般
  • 有帮助
  • 非常有帮助
提交
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值