文章目录
以下内容来自: https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?
帮助命令
docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令
官方文档:https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/
镜像命令
1. docker images 查看所有本地主机上的镜像
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 13 months ago 13.3kB
# 可选项
-a,--all # 列出所有的镜像
-q,--quiet # 只显示镜像的id
2. docker search 搜索镜像
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10461 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3888 [OK]
# 可选项,通过收藏来过滤
--filter-STARS=3000 # 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10461 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3888 [OK]
3. docker pull 下载镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写 tag,默认就是 latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Pull complete # 分层下载 docker image 的核心 联合文件系统
f6c208f3f991: Pull complete
88a9455a9165: Pull complete
406c9b8427c6: Pull complete
7c88599c0b25: Pull complete
25b5c6debdaf: Pull complete
43a5816f1617: Pull complete
1a8c919e89bf: Pull complete
9f3cf4bd1a07: Pull complete
80539cea118d: Pull complete
201b3cad54ce: Pull complete
944ba37e1c06: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:feada149cb8ff54eade1336da7c1d080c4a1c7ed82b5e320efb5beebed85ae8c # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
# 等价于
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 指定版本下载
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Already exists
f6c208f3f991: Already exists
88a9455a9165: Already exists
406c9b8427c6: Already exists
7c88599c0b25: Already exists
25b5c6debdaf: Already exists
43a5816f1617: Already exists
1831ac1245f4: Pull complete
37677b8c1f79: Pull complete
27e4ac3b0f6e: Pull complete
7227baa8c445: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
4. docker rmi 删除镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id # 删除指定的镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id # 删除多个镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部的镜像
docker images -qf dangling=true | xargs docker rmi # 删除没有 tag 的镜像
容器命令
说明:我们有了镜像才可以创建容器,linux,下载一个 centos 镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
1. 创建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02,用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口 (常用)
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-p 随机指定端口
# 测试,启动并进入容器
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@860b4417d75b /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos,基础版本,很多命令多少不完善的!
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 从容器中退回主机
[root@860b4417d75b /]# exit
exit
2. 列出所有的运行的容器
# docker ps 命令
# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
860b4417d75b centos "/bin/bash" 21 minutes ago Exited (0) 18 minutes ago reverent_perlman
67ab5ae7d677 hello-world "/hello" 55 minutes ago Exited (0) 33 hours ago sleepy_germain
3. 退出容器
exit # 直接容器停止并退出
ctrl+p+q # 容器不停止退出
4. 删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,如果强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -aqf status=exited | xargs docker rm # 删除所有停止的容器
5. 启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
常见其他命令
1. 后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名!
docker run -d centos
# 问题docker ps,发现 centos 停止了
# 常见的坑,docker 容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker 发现没有应用,就会自动停止
# nginx,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,就是没有程序了
2. 查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器,没有日志
# 自己编写一段
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo aaa;sleep 1;done"
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bd2cfc2aec0b centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 18 seconds ago Up 17 seconds admiring_feynman
# 显示日志
-tf # 显示日志
--tail number # 要显示日志条数
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker logs -tf --tail 10 bd2cfc2aec0b
3. 查看容器中进程信息 ps
# 命令 docker top 容器 id
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker top bd2cfc2aec0b
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY
root 130209 130185 0 08:54 ?
root 131063 130209 0 09:02 ?
4. 查看镜像的元数据
# 命令
docker inspect 容器id
# 测试
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker inspect bd2cfc2aec0b
[
{
"Id": "bd2cfc2aec0b916caf878f4eb44537e5296f0e09b9b5bb148b21306be159ccb1",
"Created": "2021-02-06T00:54:53.580972654Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo aaa;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 130209,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-02-06T00:54:53.943027386Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/bd2cfc2aec0b916caf878f4eb44537e5296f0e09b9b5bb148b21306be159ccb1/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/bd2cfc2aec0b916caf878f4eb44537e5296f0e09b9b5bb148b21306be159ccb1/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/bd2cfc2aec0b916caf878f4eb44537e5296f0e09b9b5bb148b21306be159ccb1/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/bd2cfc2aec0b916caf878f4eb44537e5296f0e09b9b5bb148b21306be159ccb1/bd2cfc2aec0b916caf878f4eb44537e5296f0e09b9b5bb148b21306be159ccb1-json.log",
"Name": "/admiring_feynman",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6cca131d7e937c0c198a0407e4dd24c63db8c96c034f2ea853a54224f7772105-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/78af14cbacdec89aaf539c7994fb922bf370b55e71be5fe8c5ce5c9c1af96b1a/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6cca131d7e937c0c198a0407e4dd24c63db8c96c034f2ea853a54224f7772105/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6cca131d7e937c0c198a0407e4dd24c63db8c96c034f2ea853a54224f7772105/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6cca131d7e937c0c198a0407e4dd24c63db8c96c034f2ea853a54224f7772105/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "bd2cfc2aec0b",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo aaa;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "d3ae378e28c38667fbb2c12c4c917559fb943f7b02bbf82624b4f6ddcf9c634e",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/d3ae378e28c3",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "cdb5298f0a46f3023c4e111a9296bce5d8a42d8f06e1f1d296e4361f466a5acb",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "025295bc658f3d465800c33d3886fbc3c6b4fb24148916574c412fcbcf8f7fe2",
"EndpointID": "cdb5298f0a46f3023c4e111a9296bce5d8a42d8f06e1f1d296e4361f466a5acb",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
5. 进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bd2cfc2aec0b centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 26 minutes ago Up 26 minutes admiring_feynman
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker exec -it bd2cfc2aec0b /bin/bash
[root@bd2cfc2aec0b /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@bd2cfc2aec0b /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 00:54 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo aaa;sleep 1;done
root 1609 0 0 01:21 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 1717 1 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 1718 1609 0 01:23 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ docker attach bd2cfc2aec0b
正在执行当前的代码...
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach # 进入容器后正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程!
6. 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的地主机路径
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@9dda95da4476 /]# cd /home
# 在容器内创建一个文件
[root@9dda95da4476 home]# touch test.java
[root@9dda95da4476 home]# exit
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9dda95da4476 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 39 seconds ago confident_swirles
# 将这文件拷贝出来到主机上
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ sudo docker cp 9dda95da4476:/home/test.java /usr/local
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:~$ cd /usr/local
carve@iZbp1jaz33icbnhrxftfanZ:/usr/local$ ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Feb 6 09:32 test.java
# 拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我使用 -v 卷的技术,可以实现
小结
attach # 当前 shell 下 attach 连接指定运行镜像
build # 通过 Dockerfile 定制镜像
commit # 提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp # 从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
create # 创建一个新的容器,同 run,但不启动容器
diff # 查看 docker 容器变化
events # 从docker 服务获取容器实时事件
exec # 在已存在的容器上运行命令
export # 导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar 归档文件[对于 import ]
history # 展示一个镜像形成历史
images # 列出系统当前镜像
import # 从 tar 包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应 export ]
info # 显示系统相关信息
inspect # 查看容器详细信息
kill # kill 指定 docker 容器
load # 从一个 tar 包中加载一个镜像[对应 save]
login # 注册或者登陆一个 docker 源服务器
logout # 从当前 Docker registry 退出
logs # 输出当前容器日志信息
port # 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
pause # 暂停容器
ps # 列出容器列表
pull # 从 docker 镜像源服务器拉指定镜像或者库镜像
push # 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至 docker 源服务器
restart # 重启运行的容器
rm # 移除一个或者多个容器
rmi # 移除一个或者多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除,否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除]
run # 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
save # 保存一个镜像为一个 tar 包[对应 load ]
search # 在 docker hub 中搜索镜像
start # 启动容器
stop # 停止容器
tag # 给源中镜像打标签
top # 查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause # 取消暂停容器
version # 查看 docker 版本号
wait # 截取容器停止是的退出状态值