【Java从零到架构师第③季】【25】SpringMVC-@RequestMapping_获取请求参数_请求路径变量

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持续学习&持续更新中…

守破离

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@RequestMapping

@RequestMapping用于方法上

@Controller
public class UserController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/addUser", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public String addUser() {
        return "Add Success!";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/removeUser", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    public String removeUser() {
        return "Remove Success!";
    }
}

@RequestMapping用于类和方法上

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/skill")
public class SkillController {
    /*
        /skill/add
    */
    @RequestMapping("/add")
    @ResponseBody
    public String add() {
        return "SkillController - Add Success!";
    }

    /*
        /skill/remove
    */
    @RequestMapping("/remove")
    @ResponseBody
    public String remove() {
        return "SkillController - Remove Success!";
    }
}

@GetMapping、@PostMapping

@Controller
public class UserController {
    // @RequestMapping(value = "/addUser", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    // 等价于
    @GetMapping("/addUser")
    @ResponseBody
    public String addUser() {
        return "Add Success!";
    }

    // @RequestMapping(value = "/removeUser", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    // 等价于
    @PostMapping("/removeUser")
    @ResponseBody
    public String removeUser() {
        return "Remove Success!";
    }
}

总结及补充

• 实际开发中，建议严格区分GET、POST请求，而不是像Java②项目那样宽松，无论是GET还是POST都可以获取到数据。

• @RequestMapping、@GetMapping、@PostMapping都可以传入多个URL：

  @Controller
  public class UserController4 {
      @GetMapping({"/addUser", "/insertUser"})
      @ResponseBody
      public String addUser() {
          return "Add Success!";
      }
  
      @PostMapping({"/removeUser", "/deleteUser"})
      @ResponseBody
      public String removeUser() {
          return "Remove Success!";
      }
      
      @RequestMapping(value = {"/getUser", "/fetchUser"}, method = RequestMethod.GET)
      @ResponseBody
  	public String getUser() {
  	    return "Get success!";
  	}
  }
  

获取请求参数

https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/reference/html/web.html#mvc-ann-arguments

默认情况下，会主动传递一些参数给方法（这些参数的数量、顺序是无所谓的）：

@RequestMapping("/skill")
@Controller
public class SkillController {

    @PostMapping("/add")
    @ResponseBody
    public String add(
            HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response,
            HttpSession session,
            WebRequest webRequest
    ) {
        System.out.println("request : " + request);
        System.out.println("response : " + response);
        System.out.println("session : " + session);
        System.out.println("webRequest : " + webRequest);
        return "Add Success!";
    }

}

获取请求参数方法一：

@RequestMapping("/skill")
@Controller
public class SkillController {
    @PostMapping("/add")
    @ResponseBody
    public String add(HttpServletRequest request) {
        System.out.println("username : " + request.getParameter("username"));
        System.out.println("password : " + request.getParameter("password"));
        System.out.println("level : " + request.getParameter("level"));
        return "Add Success!";
    }
}

获取请求参数方法二：

@RequestMapping("/skill")
@Controller
public class SkillController {
    @PostMapping("/add")
    @ResponseBody
    public String add(String username, String password, Integer level) {
        System.out.println(level);
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
        return "Add Success!";
    }
}

获取请求参数方法二—使用@RequestParam：

@RequestMapping("/skill")
@Controller
public class SkillController {
    @PostMapping("/add")
    @ResponseBody
    public String add(@RequestParam("username") String name,
                      @RequestParam("password") String psword,
                      @RequestParam("level") Integer skillLevel) {
        System.out.println(name);
        System.out.println(psword);
        System.out.println(skillLevel);
        return "Add Success!";
    }
}

@RequestMapping("/skill")
@Controller
public class SkillController {
    @PostMapping("/add")
    @ResponseBody
    // required默认为true
    public String add(@RequestParam(value = "username",required = true) String name,
                      @RequestParam(value = "password",required = true) String psword,
                      @RequestParam(value = "level", required = false) Integer skillLevel) {
        System.out.println(name);
        System.out.println(psword);
        System.out.println(skillLevel);
        return "Add Success!";
    }
}

获取请求参数方法二—总结：

• 如果没有为某个参数加@RequestParam

  • 这个参数，客户端可传可不传，如果不传，该参数值为null
  • 如果需要客户端传，那么，方法形参名必须和客户端表单的name保持一致

• 如果为方法的参数加上了@RequestParam

  • 方法形参名不必和客户端表单的name保持一致，可以通过@RequestParam(value="客户端表单name")来设置该参数对应表单的哪个name
  • @RequestParam默认值为true，也就是说，客户端必须传该参数，如果不传，会出现400错误
  • 手动设置@RequestParam为false，那么，客户端就可以不传，不传的话，该参数值为null

• 总结：如果必须让客户端传递某个参数：

  	@PostMapping("/add")
  	@ResponseBody
  	public String add(@RequestParam String username, // 相当于 @RequestParam(value = "username",required = true)
  	                  @RequestParam String password, // 相当于 @RequestParam(value = "password",required = true)
  	                  @RequestParam Integer level) { // 相当于 @RequestParam(value = "level",required = true)
  		// ...
  	    return "Add Success!";
  	}
  

获取请求参数方法三—使用Model（domain）

public class Skill {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Integer level;
    // ...
}

@RequestMapping("/skill")
@Controller
public class SkillController {
    @PostMapping("/add")
    @ResponseBody
    public String add(Skill skill) {
        System.out.println(skill);
        return "Add Success!";
    }
}

这样也可以：

	@PostMapping("/add")
	@ResponseBody
	public String add(Skill skill1, Skill skill2, String username, Integer level) {
	    System.out.println(skill1);
	    System.out.println(skill2);
	    System.out.println(username);
	    System.out.println(level);
	    return "Add Success!";
	}

请求路径变量

做法一：

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/skill")
public class SkillController {
    @GetMapping("/get")
    @ResponseBody
    public String get(Integer id) {
        Skill skill = service.get(id);   
        return skill.toString();
    }
}

访问：

http://localhost:8080/mvc02/skill/get?id=2

做法二：

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/skill")
public class SkillController {
    @GetMapping("/get/{skillId}")
    @ResponseBody
    public String get(@PathVariable("skillId") Integer id) {
        Skill skill = service.get(id);
        return skill.toString();
    }
}

访问：

http://localhost:8080/mvc02/skill/get/2

注意和一些细节

• 当不确定某个概念时，把代码敲出来，实际的去试一试即可。

• 当不清楚哪个API时，对某个API有疑惑时，点进去看看它的内部实现，多多学习。

• 多尝试，热爱代码。

参考

小码哥-李明杰: Java从0到架构师③进阶互联网架构师.

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