Linux网络编程之select与poll比较

1. select 能够达到的并发数限制
–>一个进程能打开的最大文件描述符的限制
–>select 中的 fd_set 集合容量的限制 （FD_SETSIZE）。
2. 如何改善这两点限制呢？
对于文件描述符的限制，可以通过调制内核参数来对限制扩展。
通过command “ulimit -n” 可以查看 当前系统的最大文件描述符的限制。
$ ulimit -n
1024
程序中可以通过调用系统调用获取，修改当前进程及子进程的最大文件描述符的限制。
这种方式有两个弊端，一个是需要root权限，二个是只能修改当前进程及子进程的限制，对父进程不起作用。
另外，也不能无限大的扩展，上限受内存大小的影响。可以通过下面的命令查看系统支持的最大上限：
$ cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max
396346

#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    struct rlimit pid_limit;
    getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &pid_limit);
    printf("max number of file description is %d\n", (int)pid_limit.rlim_max);

    return 0;

}

3. poll
poll 并没有fd_set的集合容量限制，但是，poll同样有存在进程能打开的最大文件描述符的限制。

4. poll 与 select 共同点
内核都要遍历所以的被监控的文件描述符，直到找到发生事件的文件描述符

5. 使用 poll 实现 tcp server 端简单事例

/*description:
  1. tcp server: implemented using poll
  2. send the received data back to client */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <vector>
#include <poll.h>
using namespace std;

ssize_t readn(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
{
    int n_left = count;
    int n_read;
    char * readbuf = (char *)buf;
    while (n_left > 0)
    {
        if ((n_read = read(fd, readbuf, n_left)) < 0)
        {
            if (errno == EINTR)
                continue;
            return -1;
        }
        else if (n_read == 0)
        {
            printf ("client has closed\n");
            break;
        }
        printf ("1. receive data is %s, length is %d,lef data:%d\n", readbuf, n_read, n_left - n_read);
        readbuf += n_read;
        n_left -= n_read;
        printf("left data is %d\n", n_left);
    }
    return count - n_left;
}
ssize_t writen(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
{
    int n_left = count;
    int n_written;
    char * writebuf = (char *)buf;
    while (n_left > 0)
    {
        if ((n_written = write(fd, writebuf, n_left)) < 0)
        {
            if (errno == EINTR)
                continue;
            return -1;
        }
        else if (n_written == 0)
        {
            continue;
        }
        writebuf += n_written;
        n_left -= n_written;
    }
    return count - n_left;
}
ssize_t readline(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
{
    int n_left = count;
    int n_read = 0;
    int ret = 0;
    int loop_index;
    char *readbuf = (char *) buf;
    while (1)
    {
        if ((n_read = recv(fd, buf, n_left, MSG_PEEK)) < 0)
        {
            perror("read error\n");
            exit(-1);
        }
        else if (n_read == 0)
        {
            printf("client closed connection\n");
            return 0;
        }
        for (loop_index=0; loop_index < n_read; loop_index++)
        {
            if (readbuf[loop_index] == '\n')
            {
                printf("get \n from buffer\n");
                n_read = readn(fd, buf, loop_index + 1);
                if (n_read != loop_index + 1)
                {
                    perror("read error");
                    exit(-1);
                }
                return n_read;
            }
        }
        if (n_read > n_left)
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        ret = readn(fd, buf, n_read);
        if(ret != n_read)
        {
            perror("read error");
            exit(-1);
        }
        n_left -= n_read;
        buf += n_read;
    }
    return -1;
}
int main()
{
    int listenfd = 0;
    if((listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
    {
        perror("socket error\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    printf("creat socket success\n");
    struct sockaddr_in seraddr;
    memset(&seraddr, 0, sizeof(seraddr));
    seraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    seraddr.sin_port = htons(51888);
    seraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
    if (bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&seraddr,sizeof(seraddr)) < 0)
    {
        perror("bind error\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    printf("bind success\n");
    if (listen(listenfd, 50) < 0)    
    {
        perror("listen error\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    printf("listen success\n");
    struct sockaddr_in peer_addr;

    int conid = 0;
    vector<struct pollfd> socket_poll;
    struct pollfd listen_poll_1;
    listen_poll_1.fd = listenfd;
    listen_poll_1.events = POLLIN;
    socket_poll.push_back(listen_poll_1);
    struct pollfd *poll_set;
    poll_set = &socket_poll[0];
#if 0
     int poll(struct pollfd *fds, nfds_t nfds, int timeout);
     struct pollfd {
               int   fd;         /* file descriptor */
               short events;     /* requested events */
               short revents;    /* returned events */
           };
#endif


    int maxpoll = 1;
    int numfd = 0;
       
    int i;
    while (1)
    {
        printf("start one new poll\n");
        numfd = poll(poll_set, maxpoll, -1);
        //numfd = select(maxfds + 1, &real_read_set, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        if (numfd == 0)
        {
            continue;
        }
        else if (numfd == -1)
        {
            perror("select error");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        //if (FD_ISSET(listenfd, &real_read_set))
        if (poll_set[0].revents & POLLIN)
        {
            socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(peer_addr);
            memset(&peer_addr, 0, sizeof(peer_addr));
            conid = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&peer_addr, &addr_len);
            if (conid < 0)
            {
                perror("accept error");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            printf("accept success\n");
            printf("peer address is %s, port is %d\n", inet_ntoa(peer_addr.sin_addr),ntohs(peer_addr.sin_port));
            struct pollfd connect;
            connect.fd = conid;
            connect.events = POLLIN;
            socket_poll.push_back(connect);
            poll_set = &socket_poll[0];
            maxpoll ++;
            if (--numfd <= 0)
                continue;
        }
        for (i = 1; i < socket_poll.size(); i ++)
        {
            if (poll_set[i].revents & POLLIN)
            {
                char recbuf[50];
                memset(recbuf, 0, sizeof(recbuf));
                printf("start one new readline\n");
                int ret = readline(poll_set[i].fd, recbuf, sizeof(recbuf));
                if (ret == 0)
                {
                    printf("client close");
                    close(poll_set[i].fd);
                    socket_poll.erase(socket_poll.begin() + i);
                    poll_set = &socket_poll[0];
                    maxpoll --;
                    continue;
                }
                printf ("receive data is %s, length is %d\n", recbuf, ret);
                writen(poll_set[i].fd, recbuf, ret);
                printf ("send data is %s to client,length is %d\n", recbuf, ret);
                if (--numfd <= 0)
                    break;
            }
            
        }
    }
    #if 0
    if ((conid = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&peer_addr, &addr_len)) < 0) 
    {
        perror("listen error\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    printf("accept success\n");
    printf("peer address is %s, port is %d\n", inet_ntoa(peer_addr.sin_addr),ntohs(peer_addr.sin_port));
    char recbuf[50];
    while (1)
    {
        memset(recbuf, 0, sizeof(recbuf));
        printf("start one new readline\n");
        int ret = readline(conid, recbuf, sizeof(recbuf));
        if (ret == 0)
        {
            break;
        }
        printf ("receive data is %s, length is %d\n", recbuf, ret);
        writen(conid, recbuf, ret);
        printf ("send data is %s to client,length is %d\n", recbuf, ret);
    }
    close(listenfd);
    close(conid);
    #endif
    return 0;
}