博客讲述了在使用Fabric 2.3.0版本时，按照《区块链开发实战》一书配置configtx.yaml文件遇到的错误及解决方案。错误包括yaml解析、空格问题、映射问题和缺少策略。博主通过调整文件结构、修正空格、添加缺失的策略定义，以及使用正确的相对路径解决了问题，最终成功生成创世区块。
首先我的fabric版本是2.3.0，在参考冯翔老师的《区块链开发实战》之Hyperledger fabric关键技术这本书上的配置文件configtx.yaml生成创世区块时出现了很多问题。
书上的配置文件configtx.yaml内容为：
Profiles:
TestTwoOrgsOrdererGenesis:
Orderer:
<<: *OrdererDefaults
Organizations:
- *OrdererOrg
Consortiums:
SampleConsortium:
Organizations:
- *Org1
- *Org2
TestTwoOrgsChannel:
Consortium: SampleConsortium
Application:
<<: *ApplicationDefaults
Organizations:
- *Org1
- *Org2
Organizations:
- &OrdererOrg
Name: OrdererOrg
ID: OrdererMSP
MSPDir: crypto-config/ordererOrganizations/example.com/msp
- &Org1
Name: Org1MSP
ID: Org1MSP
MSPDir: crypto-config/peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/msp
AnchorPeers:
- Host: peer0.org1.example.com
Port: 7051
- &Org2
Name: Org2MSP
ID: Org2MSP
MSPDir: crypto-config/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/msp
AnchorPeers:
- Host: peer0.org2.example.com
Port: 7051
Orderer: &OrdererDefaults
OrdererType: solo
Addresses:
- orderer.example.com:7050
BatchTimeout: 2s
BatchSize:
MaxMessageCount: 10
AbsoluteMaxBytes: 99 MB
PreferredMaxBytes: 512 KB
Kafka:
Brokers:
- 127.0.0.1:9092
Organizations:
Application: &ApplicationDefaults
Organizations:
上述的配置文件在fabric2.3.0中出现了以下问题：
Error 1：Error reading configuration: While parsing config: yaml: unknown anchor 'OrdererDefaults' referenced [recovered]
因为使用的是最新版本，与书本上的版本不同，而最新版本在结构上做了一些改动。在使用‘*’之前，一定要有‘&’定义过了。所以需要把Profiles的内容移到最后。
Error 2：Error reading configuration: yaml: line 50: did not find expected key
这个是空格出了问题，在提示的行号附近检查空格是否出错。.yaml文件不能使用tab键。
Error 3：Error reading configuration: yaml: map merge requires map or sequence of maps as the value
这个错误说的是什么映射的问题。我实在不知道我的configtx.yaml到底是哪里写错了，因为我刚开始是手打的，就有很多空格问题啊等等。这个问题在StackOverflow上有解答：
就是本文Error 1里提到的，然而没有用。
最后是直接复制可以用的configtx.yaml，在上面进行修改，切记不要修改空格。就没有这些问题了。
Error 4：Error on outputBlock: could not create bootstrapper: could not create channel group: error adding policies to channel group: no policies defined
这个错误也是因为新版本！在configtx.yaml中要有相对应的policies才行。
我根据fabric-samples里面的配置文件修改了configtx.yaml。
修正后的configtx.yaml：
Organizations:
- &OrdererOrg
Name: OrdererOrg
ID: OrdererMSP
MSPDir: ../fabricconfig/crypto-config/ordererOrganizations/example.com/msp
Policies:
Readers:
Type: Signature
Rule: "OR('OrdererMSP.member')"
Writers:
Type: Signature
Rule: "OR('OrdererMSP.member')"
Admins:
Type: Signature
Rule: "OR('OrdererMSP.admin')"
Endorsement:
Type: Signature
Rule: "OR('OrdererMSP.member')"
- &Org1
Name: Org1MSP
ID: Org1MSP
MSPDir: ../fabricconfig/crypto-config/peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/msp
Policies:
Readers:
Type: Signature
Rule: "OR('Org1MSP.admin', 'Org1MSP.peer', 'Org1MSP.client')"
Writers:
Type: Signature
Rule: "OR('Org1MSP.admin', 'Org1MSP.client')"
Admins:
Type: Signature
Rule: "OR('Org1MSP.admin')"
Endorsement:
Type: Signature
Rule: "OR('Org1MSP.peer')"
AnchorPeers:
- Host: peer0.org1.example.com
Port: 7051
- &Org2
Name: Org2MSP
ID: Org2MSP
MSPDir: ../fabricconfig/crypto-config/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/msp
Policies:
Readers:
Type: Signature
Rule: "OR('Org2MSP.admin', 'Org2MSP.peer', 'Org2MSP.client')"
Writers:
Type: Signature
Rule: "OR('Org2MSP.admin', 'Org2MSP.client')"
Admins:
Type: Signature
Rule: "OR('Org2MSP.admin')"
Endorsement:
Type: Signature
Rule: "OR('Org2MSP.peer')"
AnchorPeers:
- Host: peer0.org2.example.com
Port: 7051
Capabilities:
# Channel capabilities apply to both the orderers and the peers and must be
# supported by both.
# Set the value of the capability to true to require it.
Channel: &ChannelCapabilities
# V2.0 for Channel is a catchall flag for behavior which has been
# determined to be desired for all orderers and peers running at the v2.0.0
# level, but which would be incompatible with orderers and peers from
# prior releases.
# Prior to enabling V2.0 channel capabilities, ensure that all
# orderers and peers on a channel are at v2.0.0 or later.
V2_0: true
# Orderer capabilities apply only to the orderers, and may be safely
# used with prior release peers.
# Set the value of the capability to true to require it.
Orderer: &OrdererCapabilities
# V1.1 for Orderer is a catchall flag for behavior which has been
# determined to be desired for all orderers running at the v1.1.x
# level, but which would be incompatible with orderers from prior releases.
# Prior to enabling V2.0 orderer capabilities, ensure that all
# orderers on a channel are at v2.0.0 or later.
V2_0: true
# Application capabilities apply only to the peer network, and may be safely
# used with prior release orderers.
# Set the value of the capability to true to require it.
Application: &ApplicationCapabilities
# V2.0 for Application enables the new non-backwards compatible
# features and fixes of fabric v2.0.
# Prior to enabling V2.0 orderer capabilities, ensure that all
# orderers on a channel are at v2.0.0 or later.
V2_0: true
Application: &ApplicationDefaults
Organizations:
# Policies defines the set of policies at this level of the config tree
# For Application policies, their canonical path is
# /Channel/Application/<PolicyName>
Policies: &ApplicationDefaultPolicies
LifecycleEndorsement:
Type: ImplicitMeta
Rule: "MAJORITY Endorsement"
Endorsement:
Type: ImplicitMeta
Rule: "MAJORITY Endorsement"
Readers:
Type: ImplicitMeta
Rule: "ANY Readers"
Writers:
Type: ImplicitMeta
Rule: "ANY Writers"
Admins:
Type: ImplicitMeta
Rule: "MAJORITY Admins"
# Capabilities describes the application level capabilities, see the
# dedicated Capabilities section elsewhere in this file for a full
# description
Capabilities:
<<: *ApplicationCapabilities
Orderer: &OrdererDefaults
OrdererType: solo
Addresses:
- orderer.example.com:7050
BatchTimeout: 2s
BatchSize:
MaxMessageCount: 10
AbsoluteMaxBytes: 99 MB
PreferredMaxBytes: 512 KB
Kafka:
Brokers:
- 127.0.0.1:9092
Organizations:
# Policies defines the set of policies at this level of the config tree
# For Orderer policies, their canonical path is
# /Channel/Orderer/<PolicyName>
Policies:
Readers:
Type: ImplicitMeta
Rule: "ANY Readers"
Writers:
Type: ImplicitMeta
Rule: "ANY Writers"
Admins:
Type: ImplicitMeta
Rule: "MAJORITY Admins"
# BlockValidation specifies what signatures must be included in the block
# from the orderer for the peer to validate it.
BlockValidation:
Type: ImplicitMeta
Rule: "ANY Writers"
# Capabilities describes the orderer level capabilities, see the
# dedicated Capabilities section elsewhere in this file for a full
# description
Capabilities:
<<: *OrdererCapabilities
################################################################################
#
# CHANNEL
#
# This section defines the values to encode into a config transaction or
# genesis block for channel related parameters.
#
################################################################################
Channel: &ChannelDefaults
# Policies defines the set of policies at this level of the config tree
# For Channel policies, their canonical path is
# /Channel/<PolicyName>
Policies:
# Who may invoke the 'Deliver' API
Readers:
Type: ImplicitMeta
Rule: "ANY Readers"
# Who may invoke the 'Broadcast' API
Writers:
Type: ImplicitMeta
Rule: "ANY Writers"
# By default, who may modify elements at this config level
Admins:
Type: ImplicitMeta
Rule: "MAJORITY Admins"
# Capabilities describes the channel level capabilities, see the
# dedicated Capabilities section elsewhere in this file for a full
# description
Capabilities:
<<: *ChannelCapabilities
Profiles:
TestTwoOrgsOrdererGenesis:
<<: *ChannelDefaults
Orderer:
<<: *OrdererDefaults
Organizations:
- <<: *OrdererOrg
Consortiums:
SampleConsortium:
Organizations:
- <<: *Org1
- <<: *Org2
TestTwoOrgsChannel:
<<: *ChannelDefaults
Consortium: SampleConsortium
Application:
<<: *ApplicationDefaults
Organizations:
- <<: *Org1
- <<: *Org2
还有个需要注意的是MSPDir的值是相对路径。
成功生成创世区块：
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