Python使用Win32控制Excel

PythonWin32控制Excel

目录

首先需要导入一下需要使用的包

import win32com.client as wc
import traceback
import os
import re

在传入的表格中定位单元格有两种方法,一种是字母加数字另外一种是坐标的方式,而选取目标单元格时有时会不方便用某一种,需要进行一下转化

def col2int(col_str):
    """
    字母转数字
    :param col_str: 列号
    """
    abc = list(map(lambda x: chr(x), [i for i in range(65, 91)]))
    cols = re.findall(r".", col_str)
    start = 1
    if len(col_str) == 2:
        col_int = start + (abc.index(cols[0]) + 1) * 26 + abc.index(cols[-1])
    elif len(col_str) == 3:
        col_int = start + (abc.index(cols[0]) + 1) * 26 + abc.index(cols[1]) * 26 + abc.index(cols[-1])
    else:
        col_int = start + abc.index(col_str)
    return col_int


def int2col(col_int):
    """
    数字转字母
    :param col_int: 列数
    """
    abc = list(map(lambda x: chr(x), [i for i in range(65, 91)]))
    if col_int <= 26:
        col_str = abc[col_int - 1]
    elif col_int <= 702:
        col_int -= 27
        col_str = abc[int(col_int / 26)] + abc[int(col_int % 26)]
    else:
        col_int -= 703
        col_str = abc[int(col_int / 676)] + abc[int(int(col_int / 26)) % 26] + abc[int(col_int % 26)]
    return col_str

在表格当中的操作都是基于类上的操作,我们需要先创建一个对象,在这个对象来操作

def creatExcelObj(file, excelType='open', visible=False, app='office'):
    excelWorkBook = None
    try:
        if excelType == 'open':
            if app == 'office':
                excel = wc.Dispatch('Excel.Application')
                excel.DisplayAlerts = False  # 关闭警告
                excel.Visible = visible
                excelWorkBook = excel.Workbooks.Open(file, ReadOnly=False)
            elif app == 'wps':
                excel = wc.Dispatch('Ket.Application')
                excel.DisplayAlerts = False  # 关闭警告
                excel.Visible = visible
                excelWorkBook = excel.Workbooks.Open(file, ReadOnly=False)
        elif excelType == 'new':
            if app == 'office':
                excel = wc.Dispatch('Excel.Application')
                excel.DisplayAlerts = False  # 关闭警告
                excel.Visible = visible
                excelWorkBook = excel.Workbooks.Add()
            elif app == 'wps':
                excel = wc.Dispatch('Ket.Application')
                excel.DisplayAlerts = False  # 关闭警告
                excel.Visible = visible
                excelWorkBook = excel.Workbooks.Add()
        return excelWorkBook
    except Exception as e:
        print(traceback.format_exc())
        raise '打开或新建表格失败'

关闭Excel对象

def closeExcelObj(excelWorkBook):
    try:
        # 保存关闭Excel
        excelWorkBook.Save()
        excelWorkBook.Close()
    except Exception as e:
        print(traceback.format_exc())
        raise '关闭表格失败'

写入表格

def writeToExcel(excelWorkBook, sheetName, writeType, startCol: str or int, startRow: int, endCol: str or int = None,
                 endRow: int = None, writeData=None):
    # 写入Excel数据
    if writeType == 'cell':
        if isinstance(startCol, str):
            col = col2int(startCol)
            excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Cells(col, startRow).Value = writeData
        elif isinstance(startCol, int):
            excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Cells(startCol, startRow).Value = writeData
    elif writeType == 'col':
        ws = excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName)
        assert isinstance(writeData, list)
        startCol = startCol if isinstance(startCol, str) else int2col(startCol)
        if endCol and endRow:
            endCol = endCol if isinstance(endCol, str) else int2col(endCol)
            ws.Range(ws.Cells(startCol, startRow), ws.Cells(endCol, endRow)).Value = writeData
        else:
            endRow = startRow + len(writeData) - 1
            ws.Range(ws.Cells(startCol, startRow), ws.Cells(startCol, endRow)).Value = writeData
        # if startCol != endCol:
        #     raise '请输入同一列'
        # if isinstance(startCol, str):
        #     col = col2int(startCol)
        #     excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Cells(col, startRow).Value = writeData
        # elif isinstance(startCol, int):
        #     excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Cells(startCol, startRow).Value = writeData
    elif writeType == 'row':
        assert isinstance(writeData, list)
        startCol = startCol if isinstance(startCol, int) else col2int(startCol)
        endRow = startRow + len(writeData)
        listIndex = 0
        while startRow < endRow:
            excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Cells(startCol, startRow).Value = writeData[listIndex]
            startRow += 1
            listIndex += 1
    elif writeType == 'area':
        # 需要传入一个二位列表,与选取区域匹配
        assert isinstance(writeData, list)
        assert endCol is not None and endRow is not None
        startCol = startCol if isinstance(startCol, str) else int2col(startCol)
        endCol = endCol if isinstance(endCol, str) else int2col(endCol)
        excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Range(f'{startCol}{startRow}:{endCol}{endRow}').Value = writeData


插入列或插入行

def addCell(excelWorkBook, sheetName, type='row', col: str or int = None, row: int = None):
    ws = excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName)
    if type == 'row':
        assert row is not None
        assert row > 0
        ws.Rows(row).Insert()
    elif type == 'col':
        assert col is not None
        ws.Columns(col).Insert()

保存表格

def saveExcelFile(excelWorkBook):
    # 保存Excel
    excelWorkBook.Save()

另存为

def saveAsOtherExcelFile(excelWorkBook, path, fileName):
    # 另存为Excel
    excelWorkBook.SaveAs(os.path.join(path, fileName))

读取表格的内容

def readExcelCell(excelWorkBook, sheetName, col: str or int, row: int):
    # 读取单元格
    if isinstance(col, str):
        col = col2int(col)
        return excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Cells(col, row).Value
    elif isinstance(col, int):
        return excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Cells(col, row).Value


def readExcelRow(excelWorkBook, sheetName, row: int):
    # 读取行
    return [col for row in excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Rows(row).Value for col in row]


def readExcelCol(excelWorkBook, sheetName, col: int):
    # 读取列
    return [row for col in excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Columns(col).Value for row in col]


def readExcelArea(excelWorkBook, sheetName, startCol: str, startRow: int, endCol: str, endRow: int):
    # 读取区域
    return [cell for row in excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Range(f'{startCol}{startRow}:{endCol}{endRow}').Value
            for cell in row]


def readExcelMaxRow(excelWorkBook, sheetName):
    # 读取表格已编辑的最大行数
    return excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).UsedRange.Rows.Count


def readExcelMaxCol(excelWorkBook, sheetName):
    # 读取表格已编辑的最大列数
    return excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).UsedRange.Columns.Count


def getExcelEditedArea(excelWorkBook, sheetName):
    # 获取已编辑的区域
    return [excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).UsedRange.Rows.Count, excelWorkBook.Worksheets(
        sheetName).UsedRange.Columns.Count]

对单元格设置样式

需先选取区域,对区域进行设置

def getExcelArea(excelWorkBook, sheetName, startCol: str or int, startRow: int, endCol: str or int = None,
                 endRow: int = None, setType='cell'):
    # 选取设置单元格格式区域
    if setType == 'cell':
        col = startCol if isinstance(startCol, int) else col2int(startCol)
        return excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Cells(col, startRow)
    elif setType == 'row':
        startCol = startCol if isinstance(startCol, str) else int2col(startCol)
        if endRow:
            return excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Range(f'{startCol}{startRow}:{startCol}{endRow}')
        else:
            return excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Rows(startRow)
    elif setType == 'col':
        startCol = startCol if isinstance(startCol, str) else int2col(startCol)
        if endCol:
            endCol = endCol if isinstance(endCol, str) else int2col(endCol)
            return excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Range(f'{startCol}{startRow}:{endCol}{endRow}')
        else:
            return excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Columns(col2int(startCol))
    elif setType == 'area':
        assert endCol is not None and endRow is not None
        startCol = startCol if isinstance(startCol, str) else int2col(startCol)
        endCol = endCol if isinstance(endCol, str) else int2col(endCol)
        return excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Range(f'{startCol}{startRow}:{endCol}{endRow}')


# def searchExcelData():
#     # 数据赛选
#     pass


def setCellNumber(area, style):
    """
    设置 数字 格式
    style: 格式, "$###,##0.00"
    """
    area.NumberFormat = style


def setCellBgColor(area, color):
    # 设置单元格背景色
    area.Interior.ColorIndex = color


def setCellFont(area, size=None, bold=False, name=None, color=None):
    """
   设置 字体 样式
    :param size: 字体大小
    :param bold: 是否加粗
    :param name: 字体名称
    :param color: 字体颜色
    """
    if size:
        area.Font.Size = size
    if bold:
        area.Font.Bold = bold
    if name:
        area.Font.Name = name
    if color:
        area.Font.Color = color


def setCellColStyle(area, align='left', width=None, fit=False):
    """
    :param align: 对齐方式, left | center | right
    :param width: 列宽
    :param fit: 是否自适应
    """
    area.HorizontalAlignment = {
        "left": wc.constants.xlLeft,
        "right": wc.constants.xlRight,
        "center": wc.constants.xlCenter
    }[align]
    if width:
        area.ColumnWidth = width
        fit = False
    if fit:
        area.Columns.AutoFit()


def setCellRowStyle(area, align=False, height=None, fit=False):
    # 设置单元格行格式
    """
    :param align: 是否上下居中
    :param height: 行高
    :param fit: 是否自适应
    """
    if align:
        area.VerticalAlignment = wc.constants.xlCenter
    if height:
        area.RowHeight = height
        fit = False
    if fit:
        area.Rows.AutoFit()


def setCellBorder(area, kind, width=1):
    # 设置单元格边框
    """
    :param kind: 样式
    :param width: 宽度
    """
    assert 0 <= kind < 14
    assert 0 < width <= 4
    area.BorderAround(kind, width)


def addExcelSheet(excelWorkBook, newSheetName=None):
    # 新增Sheet
    NewSheet = excelWorkBook.Worksheets.Add()
    sheetNameList = getExcelAllSheetName(excelWorkBook)
    if newSheetName and excelWorkBook not in sheetNameList:
        NewSheet.Name = newSheetName
    elif not newSheetName:
        NewSheet.Name = NewSheet.Name

ExcelSheet页相关操作

def addExcelSheet(excelWorkBook, newSheetName=None):
    # 新增Sheet
    NewSheet = excelWorkBook.Worksheets.Add()
    sheetNameList = getExcelAllSheetName(excelWorkBook)
    if newSheetName and excelWorkBook not in sheetNameList:
        NewSheet.Name = newSheetName
    elif not newSheetName:
        NewSheet.Name = NewSheet.Name


def getExcelAllSheetName(excelWorkBook):
    return list(map(lambda x: x.Name, excelWorkBook.Worksheets))


def renameExcelSheetName(excelWorkBook, sheetName, newName):
    # 重命名Sheet
    excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Name = newName


def copyExcelSheet(excelWorkBook, sheetName, newName=None, relative='after'):
    # 复制Sheet
    tarSheet = excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName)
    tarSheetName = excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Name
    if relative == 'after':
        tarSheet.Copy(None, excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName))
    elif relative == 'before':
        tarSheet.Copy(excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName), None)
    if newName:
        renameExcelSheetName(excelWorkBook, f'{tarSheetName} (2)', newName)
        return newName
    else:
        renameExcelSheetName(excelWorkBook, f'{tarSheetName} (2)', f'{tarSheetName}Copied')
        return f'{tarSheetName}Copied'


def deleteExcelSheet(excelWorkBook, sheetName):
    # 删除Sheet
    try:
        excelWorkBook.Worksheets(sheetName).Delete()
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        raise '删除Sheet页失败'

总结:

本文是一篇Python代码,导入了所需包和模块,定义了一些函数。首先介绍了选取单元格的方法,可以使用字母加数字或坐标的方式。然后介绍了将字母转为数字和将数字转为字母的函数。接着是操作Excel表格的函数,包括创建Excel对象、关闭Excel对象、写入表格、插入列或插入行、保存表格和另存为、读取表格内容等。最后是设置单元格样式的函数,包括设置数字格式、背景色、字体样式、列宽和行高、边框等。

因为需求所需,没有采用面向对象的方式来写。当然,还有很多其他的函数和属性可以用来操作Excel文件,这里只是简单地介绍了一些常用的函数。

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