全局异常的处理
SpringBoot的项目已经对有一定的异常处理了,但是对于我们开发者而言可能就不太合适了,因此我们需要对这些异常进行统一的捕获并处理。SpringBoot中有一个@ControllerAdvice的注解,使用该注解表示开启了全局异常的捕获,我们只需在自定义一个方法使用@ExceptionHandler注解然后定义捕获异常的类型即可对这些捕获的异常进行统一的处理。
定义的全局异常处理类
1、首先定义返回json数据工具类
package com.room19.datasource.exception;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import lombok.Data;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/*
* @Author kaico
* @Date 20:12 2020/8/23
* @Description //TODO 接口返回数据定义类
**/
@Data
public class JsonResult {
private int code; //返回码 非0即失败
private String msg; //消息提示
private Map<String, Object> data; //返回的数据
public JsonResult(){};
public JsonResult(int code, String msg, Map<String, Object> data) {
this.code = code;
this.msg = msg;
this.data = data;
}
public static String success() {
return success(new HashMap(0));
}
public static String success(Map<String, Object> data) {
return JSON.toJSONString(new JsonResult(0, "请求成功", data));
}
public static String failed() {
return failed("请求失败");
}
public static String failed(String msg) {
return failed(-1, msg);
}
public static String failed(int code, String msg) {
return JSON.toJSONString(new JsonResult(code, msg, new HashMap(0)));
}
}
2、定义全局异常处理类
package com.room19.datasource.exception;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.ConversionNotSupportedException;
import org.springframework.beans.TypeMismatchException;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotWritableException;
import org.springframework.web.HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException;
import org.springframework.web.HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MissingServletRequestParameterException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import java.io.IOException;
/*
* @Author kaico
* @Date 20:10 2020/8/23
* @Description //TODO 全局异常拦截器
**/
@ControllerAdvice
@ResponseBody
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
private static final String logExceptionFormat = "Capture Exception By GlobalExceptionHandler: Code: %s Detail: %s";
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GlobalExceptionHandler.class);
//运行时异常
@ExceptionHandler(RuntimeException.class)
public String runtimeExceptionHandler(RuntimeException ex) {
return resultFormat(1, ex);
}
//空指针异常
@ExceptionHandler(NullPointerException.class)
public String nullPointerExceptionHandler(NullPointerException ex) {
System.err.println("NullPointerException:");
return resultFormat(2, ex);
}
//类型转换异常
@ExceptionHandler(ClassCastException.class)
public String classCastExceptionHandler(ClassCastException ex) {
return resultFormat(3, ex);
}
//IO异常
@ExceptionHandler(IOException.class)
public String iOExceptionHandler(IOException ex) {
return resultFormat(4, ex);
}
//未知方法异常
@ExceptionHandler(NoSuchMethodException.class)
public String noSuchMethodExceptionHandler(NoSuchMethodException ex) {
return resultFormat(5, ex);
}
//数组越界异常
@ExceptionHandler(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)
public String indexOutOfBoundsExceptionHandler(IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
return resultFormat(6, ex);
}
//400错误
@ExceptionHandler({HttpMessageNotReadableException.class})
public String requestNotReadable(HttpMessageNotReadableException ex) {
System.out.println("400..requestNotReadable");
return resultFormat(7, ex);
}
//400错误
@ExceptionHandler({TypeMismatchException.class})
public String requestTypeMismatch(TypeMismatchException ex) {
System.out.println("400..TypeMismatchException");
return resultFormat(8, ex);
}
//400错误
@ExceptionHandler({MissingServletRequestParameterException.class})
public String requestMissingServletRequest(MissingServletRequestParameterException ex) {
System.out.println("400..MissingServletRequest");
return resultFormat(9, ex);
}
//405错误
@ExceptionHandler({HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException.class})
public String request405(HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException ex) {
return resultFormat(10, ex);
}
//406错误
@ExceptionHandler({HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException.class})
public String request406(HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException ex) {
System.out.println("406...");
return resultFormat(11, ex);
}
//500错误
@ExceptionHandler({ConversionNotSupportedException.class, HttpMessageNotWritableException.class})
public String server500(RuntimeException ex) {
System.out.println("500...");
return resultFormat(12, ex);
}
//栈溢出
@ExceptionHandler({StackOverflowError.class})
public String requestStackOverflow(StackOverflowError ex) {
return resultFormat(13, ex);
}
//除数不能为0
@ExceptionHandler({ArithmeticException.class})
public String arithmeticException(ArithmeticException ex) {
return resultFormat(13, ex);
}
//其他错误
@ExceptionHandler({Exception.class})
public String exception(Exception ex) {
return resultFormat(14, ex);
}
private <T extends Throwable> String resultFormat(Integer code, T ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
log.error(String.format(logExceptionFormat, code, ex.getMessage()));
return JsonResult.failed(code, ex.getMessage());
}
}
@ControllerAdvice:的介绍:
- ControllerAdvice是Controller的一个辅助类,最常用的就是作为全局异常处理的切面类。
- 可以用于定义@ExceptionHandler、@InitBinder、@ModelAttribute,并应用到所有@RequestMapping中
- 可以指定扫描范围。
ControllerAdvice约定了几种可行的返回值,如果直接返回model类的话,需要使用@ResponseBody进行json转换。
以下是返回的几种方式:
- 返回String,表示跳到某个view。
- 返回modelAndView
- 返回model + @ResponseBody(上面的代码示例就是这种方式)
补充:
- 如果不想用@ResponseBody的话,可以使用@RestControllerAdvice代替@ControllerAdvice