Python编程：从入门到实践——练习题答案（第七章）

第7章 用户输入和while循环

7-1 汽车租赁：编写一个程序，询问用户要租赁什么样的汽车，并打印一条消息，
如“Let me see if I can find you a Subaru”。

car = input('What kind of car do you want to rent?')
print('Let me see if I can find you a ' + car)

运行结果：

What kind of car do you want to rent?Subaru
Let me see if I can find you a Subaru

7-2 餐馆订位：编写一个程序，询问用户有多少人用餐。如果超过 8 人，就打印一
条消息，指出没有空桌；否则指出有空桌。

num = input('how many people?')
num = int(num)

if num > 8:
    print('Sorry,No seats.')
else:
    print('Your table is ready.')

运行结果：

how many people?10
Sorry,No seats.

7-3 10的整数倍：让用户输入一个数字，并指出这个数字是否是 10 的整数倍。

number = input('Integer multiples of 10? :')
number = int(number)

if number % 10 == 0:
    print('yes')
else:
    print('no')

运行结果：

Integer multiples of 10? :15
no

7-4 比萨配料：编写一个循环，提示用户输入一系列的比萨配料，并在用户输入’quit’时结束循环。每当用户输入一种配料后，都打印一条消息，说我们会在比萨中添加这种配料。

prompt = "\nWhat topping would you like on your pizza?"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' when you are finished: "

while True:
    topping = input(prompt)
    if topping != 'quit':
        print("  I'll add " + topping + " to your pizza.")
    else:
        break

运行结果：

What topping would you like on your pizza?
Enter 'quit' when you are finished: fruit
  I'll add fruit to your pizza.

What topping would you like on your pizza?
Enter 'quit' when you are finished: seafood
  I'll add seafood to your pizza.

What topping would you like on your pizza?
Enter 'quit' when you are finished: quit

7-5 电影票：有家电影院根据观众的年龄收取不同的票价：不到 3 岁的观众免费；3~12 岁的观众为 10 美元；超过 12 岁的观众为 15 美元。请编写一个循环，在其中询问用户的年龄，并指出其票价。

prompt = "How old are you?"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' when you are finished. "

while True:
    age = input(prompt)
    if age == 'quit':
        break
    age = int(age)

    if age < 3:
        print("  You get in free!")
    elif age < 13:
        print("  Your ticket is $10.")
    else:
        print("  Your ticket is $15.")

运行结果：

How old are you?
Enter 'quit' when you are finished. 2
  You get in free!
How old are you?
Enter 'quit' when you are finished. 11
  Your ticket is $10.
How old are you?
Enter 'quit' when you are finished. 30
  Your ticket is $15.
How old are you?
Enter 'quit' when you are finished.

7-6 三个出口：以另一种方式完成练习 7-4 或练习 7-5，在程序中采取如下所有做法。

#在 while 循环中使用条件测试来结束循环。
prompt = '\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:'
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the game."

messsge = ''
while messsge != 'quit':
    messsge = input(prompt)
    if messsge != 'quit':
        print(messsge)


#使用变量 active 来控制循环结束的时机。
prompt = '\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:'
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the game."

active = True
while active:
    messsge = input(prompt)
    if messsge == 'quit':
        active = False
    else:
        print(messsge)

# 使用 break 语句在用户输入'quit'时退出循环。
prompt = '\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:'
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the game."

while True:
    city = input(prompt)
    if city == 'quit':
        break
    else:
        print(messsge)

运行结果：

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the game.hello
hello

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the game.quit

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the game.world
world

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the game.quit

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the game.python
quit

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the game.quit

7-7 无限循环：编写一个没完没了的循环，并运行它（要结束该循环，可按 Ctrl +C，也可关闭显示输出的窗口）。

while True:
	print("Hello World!")

7-8 熟食店：创建一个名为 sandwich_orders 的列表，在其中包含各种三明治的名字；再创建一个名为 finished_sandwiches 的空列表。遍历列表sandwich_orders，对于其中的每种三明治，都打印一条消息，如 I made your tuna sandwich，并将其移到列表finished_sandwiches。所有三明治都制作好后，打印一条消息，将这些三明治列出来。

sandwich_orders = ['small_sandwich','middle_sandwich','big_sandwish']
finished_sandwiches=[]
while sandwich_orders:
    current_order = sandwich_orders.pop()
    print("I made your " + current_order)
    finished_sandwiches.append(current_order)

for finished_sandwich in finished_sandwiches:
    print(finished_sandwich +" has been made")

运行结果：

I made your big_sandwish.
I made your middle_sandwich.
I made your small_sandwich.
big_sandwish has been made.
middle_sandwich has been made.
small_sandwich has been made.

7-9 五香烟熏牛肉（pastrami）卖完了：使用为完成练习 7-8 而创建的列表sandwich_orders，并确保’pastrami’在其中至少出现了三次。在程序开头附近添加这样的代码：打印一条消息，指出熟食店的五香烟熏牛肉卖完了；再使用一个 while 循环将列表 sandwich_orders 的’pastrami’都删除。确认最终的列表 finished_sandwiches 中不包含’pastrami’。

sandwich_orders = ['pastrami','pastrami','big_sandwish','pastrami']
print("The pastrami was sold out")
while 'pastrami' in sandwich_orders:
    sandwich_orders.remove('pastrami')
print(sandwich_orders)

运行结果：

The pastrami was sold out
['big_sandwish']

7-10 梦想的度假胜地：编写一个程序，调查用户梦想的度假胜地。使用类似于“If you could visit one place in the world, where would you go?”的提示，并编写一个打印调查结果的代码块。

polling_active = True

while polling_active:
    #提示输入调查者的名字和回答
    name = input("\nWhat's your name?")
    response = input("if you could visit one place in the world,where would u go?")

    #将答案存储在字典中
    responses[name] = response

    #看看是否还有人要参与调查
    repeat = input("Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/no)")
    if repeat == 'no':
        polling_active = False

运行结果：

What's your name?john
if you could visit one place in the world,where would u go?Shanghai
Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/no)no