在 CentOS 7 中安装 Nginx 和 PHP7-FPM
下面展示同样高亮的 代码片.
login as: root
root@192.168.20.12's password:
Access denied
root@192.168.20.12's password:
Last failed login: Tue Mar 29 09:23:50 CST 2022 from 192.168.20.1 on ssh:notty
There was 1 failed login attempt since the last successful login.
Last login: Tue Mar 29 09:21:05 2022
[root@localhost ~]# $ sudo yum -y install epel-release
bash: $: 未找到命令...
[root@localhost ~]# $yum -y install epel-release
bash: -y: 未找到命令...
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: centosc9.centos.org
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 epel-release.noarch.0.7-11 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
================================================================================
正在安装:
epel-release noarch 7-11 extras 15 k
事务概要
================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量：15 k
安装大小：24 k
Downloading packages:
警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/extras/packages/epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm | 15 kB 00:00
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
用户ID : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
指纹 : 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
软件包 : centos-release-7-7.1908.0.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1
验证中 : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1
已安装:
epel-release.noarch 0:7-11
完毕！
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nginx
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
epel/x86_64/metalink | 9.8 kB 00:00
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirror.sjtu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: centosc9.centos.org
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00
(1/3): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 96 kB 00:00
(2/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 7.0 MB 00:00
(3/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.1 MB 00:00
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 nginx.x86_64.1.1.20.1-9.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 nginx-filesystem = 1:1.20.1-9.el7，它被软件包 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libcrypto.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_0)(64bit)，它被软件包 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libssl.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_0)(64bit)，它被软件包 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libssl.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_1)(64bit)，它被软件包 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 nginx-filesystem，它被软件包 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libcrypto.so.1.1()(64bit)，它被软件包 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libssl.so.1.1()(64bit)，它被软件包 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 nginx-filesystem.noarch.1.1.20.1-9.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 openssl11-libs.x86_64.1.1.1.1k-2.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
================================================================================
正在安装:
nginx x86_64 1:1.20.1-9.el7 epel 587 k
为依赖而安装:
nginx-filesystem noarch 1:1.20.1-9.el7 epel 24 k
openssl11-libs x86_64 1:1.1.1k-2.el7 epel 1.5 M
事务概要
================================================================================
安装 1 软件包 (+2 依赖软件包)
总下载量：2.1 M
安装大小：5.2 M
Downloading packages:
警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
(1/3): nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64.rpm | 587 kB 00:00
(2/3): nginx-filesystem-1.20.1-9.el7.noarch.rpm | 24 kB 00:00
(3/3): openssl11-libs-1.1.1k-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.5 MB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 4.4 MB/s | 2.1 MB 00:00
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x352C64E5:
用户ID : "Fedora EPEL (7) <epel@fedoraproject.org>"
指纹 : 91e9 7d7c 4a5e 96f1 7f3e 888f 6a2f aea2 352c 64e5
软件包 : epel-release-7-11.noarch (@extras)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : 1:openssl11-libs-1.1.1k-2.el7.x86_64 1/3
正在安装 : 1:nginx-filesystem-1.20.1-9.el7.noarch 2/3
正在安装 : 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 3/3
验证中 : 1:nginx-filesystem-1.20.1-9.el7.noarch 1/3
验证中 : 1:openssl11-libs-1.1.1k-2.el7.x86_64 2/3
验证中 : 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 3/3
已安装:
nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-9.el7
作为依赖被安装:
nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.20.1-9.el7 openssl11-libs.x86_64 1:1.1.1k-2.el7
完毕！
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
获取https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
警告：/var/tmp/rpm-tmp.hFBEt7: 头V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 62e74ca5: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:webtatic-release-7-3 ################################# [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install php70w-fpm php70w-cli php70w-gd php70w-mcrypt php70w-mysql php70w-pear php70w-xml php70w-mbstring php70w-pdo php70w-json php70w-pecl-apcu php70w-pecl-apcu-devel
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: centosc9.centos.org
* webtatic: uk.repo.webtatic.com
webtatic | 3.6 kB 00:00
(1/2): webtatic/x86_64/primary_db | 271 kB 00:02
(2/2): webtatic/x86_64/group_gz | 448 B 00:03
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 php70w-cli.x86_64.0.7.0.33-1.w7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 php70w-common.x86_64.0.7.0.33-1.w7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 php70w-fpm.x86_64.0.7.0.33-1.w7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 php70w-gd.x86_64.0.7.0.33-1.w7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 php70w-mbstring.x86_64.0.7.0.33-1.w7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 php70w-mcrypt.x86_64.0.7.0.33-1.w7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libmcrypt.so.4()(64bit)，它被软件包 php70w-mcrypt-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 php70w-mysql.x86_64.0.7.0.33-1.w7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 php70w-pdo.x86_64.0.7.0.33-1.w7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 php70w-pear.noarch.1.1.10.4-1.w7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 php70w-posix，它被软件包 1:php70w-pear-1.10.4-1.w7.noarch 需要
---> 软件包 php70w-pecl-apcu.x86_64.0.5.1.9-1.w7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 php70w-pecl-apcu-devel.x86_64.0.5.1.9-1.w7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 php-devel，它被软件包 php70w-pecl-apcu-devel-5.1.9-1.w7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 php70w-xml.x86_64.0.7.0.33-1.w7 将被 安装
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 libmcrypt.x86_64.0.2.5.8-13.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 php70w-devel.x86_64.0.7.0.33-1.w7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 pcre-devel(x86-64)，它被软件包 php70w-devel-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 php70w-process.x86_64.0.7.0.33-1.w7 将被 安装
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 pcre-devel.x86_64.0.8.32-17.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
================================================================================
正在安装:
php70w-cli x86_64 7.0.33-1.w7 webtatic 2.9 M
php70w-common x86_64 7.0.33-1.w7 webtatic 1.2 M
php70w-fpm x86_64 7.0.33-1.w7 webtatic 1.5 M
php70w-gd x86_64 7.0.33-1.w7 webtatic 135 k
php70w-mbstring x86_64 7.0.33-1.w7 webtatic 544 k
php70w-mcrypt x86_64 7.0.33-1.w7 webtatic 28 k
php70w-mysql x86_64 7.0.33-1.w7 webtatic 84 k
php70w-pdo x86_64 7.0.33-1.w7 webtatic 93 k
php70w-pear noarch 1:1.10.4-1.w7 webtatic 340 k
php70w-pecl-apcu x86_64 5.1.9-1.w7 webtatic 79 k
php70w-pecl-apcu-devel x86_64 5.1.9-1.w7 webtatic 22 k
php70w-xml x86_64 7.0.33-1.w7 webtatic 131 k
为依赖而安装:
libmcrypt x86_64 2.5.8-13.el7 epel 99 k
pcre-devel x86_64 8.32-17.el7 base 480 k
php70w-devel x86_64 7.0.33-1.w7 webtatic 2.6 M
php70w-process x86_64 7.0.33-1.w7 webtatic 43 k
事务概要
================================================================================
安装 12 软件包 (+4 依赖软件包)
总下载量：10 M
安装大小：45 M
Downloading packages:
(1/16): libmcrypt-2.5.8-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 99 kB 00:00
(2/16): pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7.x86_64.rpm | 480 kB 00:00
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/webtatic/packages/php70w-fpm-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 62e74ca5: NOKEY
php70w-fpm-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
(3/16): php70w-fpm-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64.rpm | 1.5 MB 00:04
(4/16): php70w-cli-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64.rpm | 2.9 MB 00:12
(5/16): php70w-gd-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64.rpm | 135 kB 00:00
(6/16): php70w-common-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:14
(7/16): php70w-mcrypt-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64.rpm | 28 kB 00:00
(8/16): php70w-mysql-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64.rpm | 84 kB 00:00
(9/16): php70w-mbstring-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64.rpm | 544 kB 00:02
(10/16): php70w-pdo-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64.rpm | 93 kB 00:00
(11/16): php70w-pecl-apcu-5.1.9-1.w7.x86_64.rpm | 79 kB 00:00
(12/16): php70w-pecl-apcu-devel-5.1.9-1.w7.x86_64.rpm | 22 kB 00:00
(13/16): php70w-pear-1.10.4-1.w7.noarch.rpm | 340 kB 00:00
(14/16): php70w-process-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64.rpm | 43 kB 00:00
(15/16): php70w-xml-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64.rpm | 131 kB 00:00
(16/16): php70w-devel-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64.rpm | 2.6 MB 00:23
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 430 kB/s | 10 MB 00:23
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-webtatic-el7 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x62E74CA5:
用户ID : "Webtatic EL7 <rpms@webtatic.com>"
指纹 : 830d b159 6d9b 9b01 99dc 24a3 e87f d236 62e7 4ca5
软件包 : webtatic-release-7-3.noarch (installed)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-webtatic-el7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。
正在安装 : php70w-common-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 1/16
正在安装 : php70w-cli-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 2/16
正在安装 : php70w-xml-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 3/16
正在安装 : php70w-process-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 4/16
正在安装 : 1:php70w-pear-1.10.4-1.w7.noarch 5/16
正在安装 : php70w-pecl-apcu-5.1.9-1.w7.x86_64 6/16
正在安装 : php70w-pdo-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 7/16
正在安装 : libmcrypt-2.5.8-13.el7.x86_64 8/16
正在安装 : pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7.x86_64 9/16
正在安装 : php70w-devel-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 10/16
正在安装 : php70w-pecl-apcu-devel-5.1.9-1.w7.x86_64 11/16
正在安装 : php70w-mcrypt-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 12/16
正在安装 : php70w-mysql-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 13/16
正在安装 : php70w-gd-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 14/16
正在安装 : php70w-mbstring-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 15/16
正在安装 : php70w-fpm-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 16/16
验证中 : php70w-xml-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 1/16
验证中 : php70w-cli-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 2/16
验证中 : php70w-process-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 3/16
验证中 : php70w-gd-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 4/16
验证中 : php70w-mcrypt-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 5/16
验证中 : 1:php70w-pear-1.10.4-1.w7.noarch 6/16
验证中 : php70w-mysql-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 7/16
验证中 : php70w-mbstring-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 8/16
验证中 : pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7.x86_64 9/16
验证中 : php70w-common-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 10/16
验证中 : php70w-pdo-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 11/16
验证中 : libmcrypt-2.5.8-13.el7.x86_64 12/16
验证中 : php70w-pecl-apcu-devel-5.1.9-1.w7.x86_64 13/16
验证中 : php70w-fpm-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 14/16
验证中 : php70w-devel-7.0.33-1.w7.x86_64 15/16
验证中 : php70w-pecl-apcu-5.1.9-1.w7.x86_64 16/16
已安装:
php70w-cli.x86_64 0:7.0.33-1.w7
php70w-common.x86_64 0:7.0.33-1.w7
php70w-fpm.x86_64 0:7.0.33-1.w7
php70w-gd.x86_64 0:7.0.33-1.w7
php70w-mbstring.x86_64 0:7.0.33-1.w7
php70w-mcrypt.x86_64 0:7.0.33-1.w7
php70w-mysql.x86_64 0:7.0.33-1.w7
php70w-pdo.x86_64 0:7.0.33-1.w7
php70w-pear.noarch 1:1.10.4-1.w7
php70w-pecl-apcu.x86_64 0:5.1.9-1.w7
php70w-pecl-apcu-devel.x86_64 0:5.1.9-1.w7
php70w-xml.x86_64 0:7.0.33-1.w7
作为依赖被安装:
libmcrypt.x86_64 0:2.5.8-13.el7 pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7
php70w-devel.x86_64 0:7.0.33-1.w7 php70w-process.x86_64 0:7.0.33-1.w7
完毕！
[root@localhost ~]# php -v
PHP 7.0.33 (cli) (built: Dec 6 2018 22:30:44) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2017 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.0.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2017 Zend Technologies
[root@localhost ~]#
步骤 2 - 配置 PHP7-FPM
[root@localhost ~]# php -v
PHP 7.0.33 (cli) (built: Dec 6 2018 22:30:44) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2017 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.0.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2017 Zend Technologies
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[root@localhost ~]#
在第 8 行和第 10行，user 和 group 赋值为 nginx。
user = nginx
group = nginx
在第 22 行，确保 php-fpm 运行在指定端口。
取消第 366-370 行的注释，启用 php-fpm 的系统环境变量。
env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp
保存文件并退出 vim 编辑器。
下一步，就是在 /var/lib/ 目录下创建一个新的文件夹 session，并将其拥有者变更为 nginx 用户。
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session
[root@localhost ~]# chown nginx:nginx -R /var/lib/php/session/
[root@localhost ~]#
然后启动 php-fpm 和 Nginx，并且将它们设置为随开机启动的服务。
[root@localhost ~]# sudo systemctl start php-fpm
[root@localhost ~]# sudo systemctl start nginx
[root@localhost ~]# sudo systemctl enable php-fpm
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.
[root@localhost ~]# sudo systemctl enable nginx
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@localhost ~]#
在 CentOS 7 中安装 安装和配置 MariaDB
我这里使用 MariaDB 作为 Nextcloud 的数据库。可以直接使用 yum 命令从 CentOS 默认远程仓库中安装 mariadb-server 包。
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirror.sjtu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: centosc9.centos.org
* webtatic: us-east.repo.webtatic.com
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mariadb.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.68-1.el7，它被软件包 1:mariadb-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 mariadb-server.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl-DBI，它被软件包 1:mariadb-server-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl-DBD-MySQL，它被软件包 1:mariadb-server-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(DBI)，它被软件包 1:mariadb-server-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mariadb-libs.x86_64.1.5.5.64-1.el7 将被 升级
---> 软件包 mariadb-libs.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 更新
---> 软件包 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64.0.4.023-6.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 perl-DBI.x86_64.0.1.627-4.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001，它被软件包 perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000，它被软件包 perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 perl-PlRPC.noarch.0.0.2020-14.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13，它被软件包 perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Net::Daemon::Test)，它被软件包 perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Net::Daemon::Log)，它被软件包 perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Compress::Zlib)，它被软件包 perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 perl-IO-Compress.noarch.0.2.061-2.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061，它被软件包 perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061，它被软件包 perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 需要
---> 软件包 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch.0.0.48-5.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64.0.2.061-3.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64.1.2.061-4.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
================================================================================
正在安装:
mariadb x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 base 8.8 M
mariadb-server x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 base 11 M
为依赖而安装:
perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2 x86_64 2.061-3.el7 base 32 k
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 base 57 k
perl-DBD-MySQL x86_64 4.023-6.el7 base 140 k
perl-DBI x86_64 1.627-4.el7 base 802 k
perl-IO-Compress noarch 2.061-2.el7 base 260 k
perl-Net-Daemon noarch 0.48-5.el7 base 51 k
perl-PlRPC noarch 0.2020-14.el7 base 36 k
为依赖而更新:
mariadb-libs x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 base 760 k
事务概要
================================================================================
安装 2 软件包 (+7 依赖软件包)
升级 ( 1 依赖软件包)
总下载量：22 M
Downloading packages:
No Presto metadata available for base
(1/10): mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 760 kB 00:00
(2/10): mariadb-server-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 11 MB 00:00
(3/10): mariadb-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 8.8 MB 00:00
(4/10): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 32 kB 00:00
(5/10): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 140 kB 00:00
(6/10): perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 802 kB 00:00
(7/10): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 260 kB 00:00
(8/10): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 51 kB 00:00
(9/10): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm | 36 kB 00:00
(10/10): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 57 kB 00:01
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 8.5 MB/s | 22 MB 00:02
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在更新 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 1/11
正在安装 : 1:mariadb-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 2/11
正在安装 : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 3/11
正在安装 : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 4/11
正在安装 : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 5/11
正在安装 : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 6/11
正在安装 : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 7/11
正在安装 : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 8/11
正在安装 : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64 9/11
正在安装 : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 10/11
清理 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64 11/11
验证中 : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 1/11
验证中 : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 2/11
验证中 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 3/11
验证中 : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 4/11
验证中 : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64 5/11
验证中 : 1:mariadb-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 6/11
验证中 : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 7/11
验证中 : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 8/11
验证中 : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 9/11
验证中 : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 10/11
验证中 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64 11/11
已安装:
mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
作为依赖被安装:
perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7
perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7
perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7
perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7
perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7
perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7
作为依赖被升级:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
完毕！
[root@localhost ~]#
启动 MariaDB，并将其添加到随系统启动的服务中去。配置 MariaDB 的 root 用户密码。
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mariadb
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
[root@localhost ~]#
登录到 mysql shell 并为 Nextcloud 创建一个新的数据库和用户。这里我创建名为 nextcloud_db 的数据库以及名为 nextclouduser 的用户，用户密码为 nextclouduser@。当然了，要给你自己的系统选用一个更安全的密码。
登录数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 13
Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
输入以下 mysql 查询语句来创建新的数据库和用户。
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 14
Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> create database nextcloud_db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> create user nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on nextcloud_db.* to nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]#
步骤 4 - 为 Nextcloud 生成一个自签名 SSL 证书
在教程中，我会让客户端以 https 连接来运行 Nextcloud。你可以使用诸如 let’s encrypt 等免费 SSL 证书，或者是自己创建自签名 (self signed) SSL 证书。这里我使用 OpenSSL 来创建自己的自签名 SSL 证书。
为 SSL 文件创建新目录：
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /etc/nginx/cert
如下，使用 openssl 生成一个新的 SSL 证书。
[root@localhost ~]# openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
..........+++
.....................+++
writing new private key to '/etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:
State or Province Name (full name) []:
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:
Email Address []:
最后使用 chmod 命令将所有证书文件的权限设置为 600。
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert/
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*
步骤 5 - 下载和安装 Nextcloud
我直接使用 wget 命令下载 Nextcloud 到服务器上，因此需要先行安装 wget。此外，还需要安装 unzip 来进行解压。使用 yum 命令来安装这两个程序。
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install wget unzip
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: centosc9.centos.org
* webtatic: us-east.repo.webtatic.com
软件包 wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 unzip.x86_64.0.6.0-20.el7 将被 升级
---> 软件包 unzip.x86_64.0.6.0-24.el7_9 将被 更新
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
================================================================================
正在更新:
unzip x86_64 6.0-24.el7_9 updates 172 k
事务概要
================================================================================
升级 1 软件包
总下载量：172 k
Downloading packages:
No Presto metadata available for updates
unzip-6.0-24.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 172 kB 00:01
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在更新 : unzip-6.0-24.el7_9.x86_64 1/2
清理 : unzip-6.0-20.el7.x86_64 2/2
验证中 : unzip-6.0-24.el7_9.x86_64 1/2
验证中 : unzip-6.0-20.el7.x86_64 2/2
更新完毕:
unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-24.el7_9
完毕！
先进入 /tmp 目录，然后使用 wget 从官网下载最新的 Nextcloud 10。
[root@localhost ~]# cd /tmp
[root@localhost tmp]# wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-23.0.3.zip
--2022-03-29 10:57:02-- https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-23.0.3.zip
正在解析主机 download.nextcloud.com (download.nextcloud.com)... 95.217.64.181, 2a01:4f9:2a:3119::181
正在连接 download.nextcloud.com (download.nextcloud.com)|95.217.64.181|:443... 已连接。
错误: 无法验证 download.nextcloud.com 的由 “/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=R3” 颁发的证书:
颁发的证书已经过期。
要以不安全的方式连接至 download.nextcloud.com，使用“--no-check-certificate”。
[root@localhost tmp]# wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-23.0.3.zip --no-check-certificate
--2022-03-29 10:57:40-- https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-23.0.3.zip
正在解析主机 download.nextcloud.com (download.nextcloud.com)... 95.217.64.181, 2a01:4f9:2a:3119::181
正在连接 download.nextcloud.com (download.nextcloud.com)|95.217.64.181|:443... 已连接。
警告: 无法验证 download.nextcloud.com 的由 “/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=R3” 颁发的证书:
颁发的证书已经过期。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：170033419 (162M) [application/zip]
正在保存至: “nextcloud-23.0.3.zip”
100%[======================================>] 170,033,419 1.20MB/s 用时 6m 37s
2022-03-29 11:04:18 (418 KB/s) - 已保存 “nextcloud-23.0.3.zip” [170033419/170033419])
[root@localhost tmp]#
解压 Nextcloud，并将其移动到 /usr/share/nginx/html/ 目录。
[root@localhost tmp]# unzip nextcloud-23.0.3.zip
[root@localhost tmp]# mv nextcloud/ /usr/share/nginx/html/
下一步，转到 Nginx 的 web 根目录为 Nextcloud 创建一个 data 文件夹。
[root@localhost tmp]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@localhost html]# mkdir -p nextcloud/data
变更 nextcloud 目录的拥有者为 nginx 用户和组。
[root@localhost html]# chown nginx:nginx -R nextcloud/
步骤 6 - 在 Nginx 中为 Nextcloud 配置虚拟主机
在步骤 5 我们已经下载好了 Nextcloud 源码，并配置好了让它运行于 Nginx 服务器中，但我们还需要为它配置一个虚拟主机。在 Nginx 的 conf.d 目录下创建一个新的虚拟主机配置文件 nextcloud.conf。
[root@localhost html]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim nextcloud.conf
将以下内容粘贴到虚拟主机配置文件中：
upstream php-handler {
server 127.0.0.1:9000;
#server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name cloud.nextcloud.co;
# enforce https
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name cloud.nextcloud.co;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key;
# Add headers to serve security related headers
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
# topic first.
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
includeSubDomains; preload;";
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
# Path to the root of your installation
root /usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/;
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
# Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json
# last;
location = /.well-known/carddav {
return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
}
location = /.well-known/caldav {
return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
}
# set max upload size
client_max_body_size 512M;
fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
# Disable gzip to avoid the removal of the ETag header
gzip off;
# Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
# This module is currently not supported.
#pagespeed off;
error_page 403 /core/templates/403.php;
error_page 404 /core/templates/404.php;
location / {
rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;
}
location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^/(?:/.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+|core/templates/40[34])/.php(?:$|/) {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+/.php)(/.*)$;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
#Avoid sending the security headers twice
fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
fastcgi_pass php-handler;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_request_buffering off;
}
location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {
try_files $uri/ =404;
index index.php;
}
# Adding the cache control header for js and css files
# Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
location ~* /.(?:css|js)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=7200";
# Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
# have those duplicated to the ones above)
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
# this topic first.
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
includeSubDomains; preload;";
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
# Optional: Don't log access to assets
access_log off;
}
location ~* /.(?:svg|gif|png|html|ttf|woff|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
# Optional: Don't log access to other assets
access_log off;
}
}
保存文件并退出 vim。
下载测试以下该 Nginx 配置文件是否有错误，没有的话就可以重启服务了
[root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]#
步骤 7 - 为 Nextcloud 配置 SELinux 和 FirewallD 规则
本教程中，我们将以强制模式运行 SELinux，因此需要一个 SELinux 管理工具来为 Nextcloud 配置 SELinux。
使用以下命令安装 SELinux 管理工具。
[root@localhost conf.d]# yum -y install policycoreutils-python
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirror.sjtu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: centosc9.centos.org
* webtatic: uk.repo.webtatic.com
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 policycoreutils-python.x86_64.0.2.5-33.el7 将被 升级
---> 软件包 policycoreutils-python.x86_64.0.2.5-34.el7 将被 更新
--> 正在处理依赖关系 policycoreutils = 2.5-34.el7，它被软件包 policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 policycoreutils.x86_64.0.2.5-33.el7 将被 升级
---> 软件包 policycoreutils.x86_64.0.2.5-34.el7 将被 更新
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
================================================================================
正在更新:
policycoreutils-python x86_64 2.5-34.el7 base 457 k
为依赖而更新:
policycoreutils x86_64 2.5-34.el7 base 917 k
事务概要
================================================================================
升级 1 软件包 (+1 依赖软件包)
总下载量：1.3 M
Downloading packages:
No Presto metadata available for base
(1/2): policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm | 457 kB 00:00
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总计 3.9 MB/s | 1.3 MB 00:00
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正在更新 : policycoreutils-2.5-34.el7.x86_64 1/4
正在更新 : policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64 2/4
清理 : policycoreutils-python-2.5-33.el7.x86_64 3/4
清理 : policycoreutils-2.5-33.el7.x86_64 4/4
验证中 : policycoreutils-2.5-34.el7.x86_64 1/4
验证中 : policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64 2/4
验证中 : policycoreutils-2.5-33.el7.x86_64 3/4
验证中 : policycoreutils-python-2.5-33.el7.x86_64 4/4
更新完毕:
policycoreutils-python.x86_64 0:2.5-34.el7
作为依赖被升级:
policycoreutils.x86_64 0:2.5-34.el7
完毕！
[root@localhost conf.d]#
然后以 root 用户来运行以下命令，以便让 Nextcloud 运行于 SELinux 环境之下。如果你是用的其他名称的目录，记得将 nextcloud 替换掉。
[root@localhost conf.d]#semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/data(/.*)?'
[root@localhost conf.d]#semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/config(/.*)?'
[root@localhost conf.d]#semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/apps(/.*)?'
[root@localhost conf.d]#semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/assets(/.*)?'
[root@localhost conf.d]#semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/.htaccess'
[root@localhost conf.d]#semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/.user.ini'
[root@localhost conf.d]#restorecon -Rv '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/'
接下来，我们要启用 firewalld 服务，同时为 Nextcloud 开启 http 和 https 端口。
启动 firewalld 并设置随系统启动。
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl start firewalld
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl enable firewalld
[root@localhost conf.d]#
现在使用 firewall-cmd 命令来开启 http 和 https 端口，然后重新加载防火墙。
[root@localhost conf.d]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
success
[root@localhost conf.d]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
success
[root@localhost conf.d]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@localhost conf.d]#
至此，服务器配置完成。
步骤 8 - Nextcloud 安装
打开你的 Web 浏览器，输入你为 Nextcloud 设置的域名，我这里设置为 cloud.nextcloud.co，然后会重定向到安全性更好的 https 连接。
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl start firewalld
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl enable firewalld
[root@localhost conf.d]#
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