Javascript如何实现继承？

构造继承

function SuperType() {
  this.colors = ['red', 'green', 'blue']
}

function ChildType() {
  SuperType.call(this);
}

let instance1 = new ChildType();

instance1.colors.push('yellow');
console.log(instance1.colors); // ["red", "green", "blue", "yellow"]

let instance2 = new ChildType();
console.log(instance2.colors); // ["red", "green", "blue"]

通过使用call()方法，我们实际上是在新创建的ChildType实例的环境下调用了SuperType，这样就会在新的ChildType的实例上执行SuperType中的初始化代码，这样每个实例都会有自己的colors属性副本。而借助构造函数相比于借用原型链的一大优势就是，子类型构造函数可以向超类型构造函数传递参数。

function SuperType(name) {
  this.name = name;
}

function ChildType(name) {
  SuperType.call(this, name);
}

let instance1 = new ChildType('Nick');

console.log(instance1.name); // 'Nick'

原型继承

Dog.prototype = Object.create(Cat.prototype);// 寄生继承
// Object.create()用于创建一个空对象，并把该对象的[[Prototype]]链接到Cat.prototype

实例继承

var Base = function() 
{ 
    this.level = 1; 
    this.name = "base"; 
    this.toString = function(){ 
        return "base"; 
    }; 
}; 
Base.CONSTANT = "constant"; 

var Sub = function() 
{ 
    var instance = new Base(); 
    instance.name = "sub"; 
    return instance; 
};

优点：是父类的对象，并且使用new构造对象和不使用new构造对象，都可以获得相同的效果。

缺点：生成的对象实质仅仅是父类的实例，并非子类的对象；不支持多继承。
拷贝继承

var Base = function() 
{ 
    this.level = 1; 
    this.name = "base"; 
    this.toString = function(){ 
        return "base"; 
    }; 
}; 
Base.CONSTANT = "constant"; 

var Sub = function() 
{ 
    var base = new Base(); 
    for(var i in base) 
        Sub.prototype[i] = base[i]; 
    Sub.prototype["name"] = "sub"; 
};

混合继承
构造函数继承和原型链继承结合

function Cat(n,c){
    this.name = n;
    this.color = c;
    this.say = function (){
        console.log('卖萌~');
    }
    return {a:1,b:2}
}
Cat.prototype.type = 'animal';
Cat.prototype.skill = function (){
    alert('抓老鼠');
}

function Dog(f,n,c){
    this.food = f;
    Cat.call(this,n,c);//构造函数继承
}
Dog.prototype = Object.create(Cat.prototype);//原型继承
Dog.prototype.constructor = Dog;//手动指正构造器
var dog1 = new Dog('shi','小花','red');
console.log( dog1.food );
console.log( dog1.name );
dog1.say();
dog1.skill();