Python实现 宽度/广度优先搜索算法, 深度优先搜索算法
1. 二叉树图
2. 宽度/广度优先搜索算法(Breadth First Search,BSF)
工作原理:
- 从图中某顶点v出发,首先访问定点v
- 在访问了v之后依次访问v的各个未曾访问过的邻接点;
- 然后分别从这些邻接点出发依次访问它们的邻接点,并使得“先被访问的顶点的邻接点先于后被访问的顶点的邻接点被访问;
- 直至图中所有已被访问的顶点的邻接点都被访问到;
- 如果此时图中尚有顶点未被访问,则需要另选一个未曾被访问过的顶点作为新的起始点,重复上述过程,直至图中所有顶点都被访问到为止。
换句话说,广度优先搜索遍历图的过程是以v为起点,由近至远,依次访问和v有路径相通且路 径长度为1,2…的顶点。
如上图的BFS访问顺序为:A->B->C->D->E->F
3. 深度优先搜索算法
工作原理:
- 从顶点v出发,首先访问该顶点;
- 然后依次从它的各个未被访问的邻接点出发深度优先搜索遍历图;
- 直至图中所有和v有路径相通的顶点都被访问到。
- 若此时尚有其他顶点未被访问到,则另选一个未被访问的顶点作起始点,重复上述过程,直至图中所有顶点都被访问到为止
如上图的BFS访问顺序为:A->B->D->E->C->F
4. 宽度/广度优先搜索算法实现
# 宽度优先算法的实现
def BFS(self, root):
#首先判断根节点是否为空节点
if root != None:
search_queue = deque()
search_queue.append(root)
visited = []
else:
print('root is None')
return -1
while search_queue:
person = search_queue.popleft()
self.order.append(person)
if (not person in visited) and (person in self.neighbor.keys()):
search_queue += self.neighbor[person]
visited.append(person)
5. 深度优先搜索算法实现
# 深度优先算法的实现
def DFS(self, root):
# 首先判断根节点是否为空节点
if root != None:
search_queue = deque()
search_queue.append(root)
visited = []
else:
print('root is None')
return -1
while search_queue:
person = search_queue.popleft()
self.order.append(person)
if (not person in visited) and (person in self.neighbor.keys()):
tmp = self.neighbor[person]
tmp.reverse()
for index in tmp:
search_queue.appendleft(index)
visited.append(person)
6. 完整代码实现
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from collections import deque # 线性表的模块
# 首先定义一个创建图的类,使用邻接矩阵
class Graph(object):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.order = [] # visited order
self.neighbor = {}
def add_node(self, node):
key, val = node
if not isinstance(val, list):
print('节点输入时应该为一个线性表') # 避免不正确的输入
self.neighbor[key] = val
# 宽度优先算法的实现
def BFS(self, root):
#首先判断根节点是否为空节点
if root != None:
search_queue = deque()
search_queue.append(root)
visited = []
else:
print('root is None')
return -1
while search_queue:
person = search_queue.popleft()
self.order.append(person)
if (not person in visited) and (person in self.neighbor.keys()):
search_queue += self.neighbor[person]
visited.append(person)
# 深度优先算法的实现
def DFS(self, root):
# 首先判断根节点是否为空节点
if root != None:
search_queue = deque()
search_queue.append(root)
visited = []
else:
print('root is None')
return -1
while search_queue:
person = search_queue.popleft()
self.order.append(person)
if (not person in visited) and (person in self.neighbor.keys()):
tmp = self.neighbor[person]
tmp.reverse()
for index in tmp:
search_queue.appendleft(index)
visited.append(person)
def clear(self):
self.order = []
def node_print(self):
for index in self.order:
print(index, end=' ')
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 创建一个二叉树图
g = Graph()
g.add_node(('A', ['B', 'C']))
g.add_node(('B', ['D', 'E']))
g.add_node(('C', ['F']))
# 进行宽度优先搜索
g.BFS('A')
print('宽度优先搜索:')
print(' ', end=' ')
g.node_print() # A B C D E F
g.clear()
# 进行深度优先搜索
print('\n\n深度优先搜索:')
print(' ', end=' ')
g.DFS('A')
g.node_print() # A B D E C F
print()