一、算法原理概述
DES算法主要分为数据处理和密钥生成两个部分。
数据处理:加密过程首先将明文进行初始置换,置换后分为左右两个部分,然后进行16轮循环迭代操作,其中先把右明文赋给左明文,然后将有明文和密钥带入F函数中所得的结果与左明文异或,进行16轮后得到的左明文和右明文,将左右明文拼接在一起,右明文在左,左明文在右,最后再经过一次终止置换即为最后的密文。F函数中包括E盒扩展、明文与密钥的异或、S盒压缩和P盒置换。解密的过程和加密过程一样,只是把密钥的顺序相反。
密钥产生:首先将密钥进行PC1置换操作,然后分为左右两部分,接着进行循环左移操作,每次左移后再经过一个PC2置换,生成一个子密钥串,循环16轮生成16个子密钥串。
数据处理图
密钥产生图
二、整体架构
package DES;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Demo {
private StringBuffer plaintext; //明文字符串64 bits----8 bytes
private StringBuffer ciphertext; //密文字符串64 bits----8 bytes
private StringBuffer key; //密钥字符串64 bits ----8 bytes
public StringBuffer getPlaintext() {
return plaintext;
}
public void setPlaintext(StringBuffer plaintext) {
this.plaintext = plaintext;
}
public StringBuffer getCiphertext() {
return ciphertext;
}
public void setCiphertext(StringBuffer ciphertext) {
this.ciphertext = ciphertext;
}
public StringBuffer getKey() {
return key;
}
public void setKey(StringBuffer key) {
this.key = key;
}
//StringBuffer转成二进制
public StringBuffer stringBufferToBinary(StringBuffer s) {
}
//二进制字符串转成字符64->8
//int column = Integer.parseInt(Sinput.substring(1, 5), 2);
public StringBuffer BinaryTostringBuffer(StringBuffer s) {
}
//初始置换IP
public StringBuffer Initial(StringBuffer r) {
}
//终止置换IP
public StringBuffer Final(StringBuffer r) {
}
//P置换
public StringBuffer P(StringBuffer r) {
}
//扩展置换(E表)
public StringBuffer Extent(StringBuffer r) {
}
//密钥生成
public StringBuffer[] getSubkey() {
}
//f轮函数
public StringBuffer F(StringBuffer R, StringBuffer subkey) {
}
//主函数
public static void main(String[] args) {
}
}
三、模块分解
1. 数据转换
由于输入的是字符串,而算法处理的是二进制数,所以要进行一次转换,但是最终输出的还是字符串,所以还要再转一次。
//StringBuffer转成二进制
public StringBuffer stringBufferToBinary(StringBuffer s) {
StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
StringBuffer stmp = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
stmp = new StringBuffer(Integer.toBinaryString(s.charAt(i)));
while (stmp.length() < 8) { //转成8位二进制
stmp.insert(0, 0);
}
//System.out.println(stmp);
res.append(stmp);
}
return res;
}
//二进制字符串转成字符64->8
//int column = Integer.parseInt(Sinput.substring(1, 5), 2);
public StringBuffer BinaryTostringBuffer(StringBuffer s) {
StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
int t = Integer.parseInt(s.substring(i * 8, (i + 1) * 8), 2);
res.append((char) t);
}
return res;
}
2. 置换表置换操作
初始置换、终止置换等置换操作都是利用置换表格进行的操作,十分类似,就不一 一举例。
//初始置换IP
public StringBuffer Initial(StringBuffer r) {
StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
res.append(r.charAt(IP[i] - 1)); //数组的索引是从0开始的
}
return res;
}
3. 密钥生成
//密钥生成
public StringBuffer[] getSubkey() {
StringBuffer keyBinary = new StringBuffer(stringBufferToBinary(key)); //把密钥转成二进制
StringBuffer subkey[] = new StringBuffer[16]; //subkey数组用来存储子密钥
StringBuffer C0 = new StringBuffer(); //左密钥
StringBuffer D0 = new StringBuffer(); //右密钥
//PC1置换(64 bits --> 56 bits)
for (int i = 0; i < 28; i++) {
C0.append(keyBinary.charAt(PC1[i] - 1));
D0.append(keyBinary.charAt(PC1[i + 28] - 1));
}
//16轮循环生成子密钥
//16轮移位操作,每轮左移一位,特殊情况左移两位(查看密钥移位表)
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
//把第一位删了添加到最后一位
char tmp;
tmp = C0.charAt(0);
C0.deleteCharAt(0);
C0.append(tmp);
tmp = D0.charAt(0);
D0.deleteCharAt(0);
D0.append(tmp);
//特殊位置左移两位
if (i != 0 && i != 1 && i != 8 && i != 15) {
tmp = C0.charAt(0);
C0.deleteCharAt(0);
C0.append(tmp);
tmp = D0.charAt(0);
D0.deleteCharAt(0);
D0.append(tmp);
}
//左右合并
StringBuffer CODO = new StringBuffer(C0.toString() + D0.toString());
//PC2置换
StringBuffer C0D0tmp = new StringBuffer();
for (int j = 0; j < 48; j++) {
C0D0tmp.append(CODO.charAt(PC2[j] - 1));
}
subkey[i] = C0D0tmp;
// System.out.println(i + "轮密钥:" + subkey[i]);
}
return subkey;
}
4.F轮函数
//f轮函数
public StringBuffer F(StringBuffer R, StringBuffer subkey) {
StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
//E盒扩展
res = Extent(R);
//异或运算
for (int i = 0; i < 48; i++) {
res.replace(i, i + 1, (res.charAt(i) == subkey.charAt(i) ? "0" : "1"));
}
//S盒压缩
StringBuffer sBox = new StringBuffer(); //sBox用来接收压缩后的32 bits
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
String Sinput = res.substring(i * 6, (i + 1) * 6);
//首尾两位转化为行,中间四位转化为列
//parseInt(String s,int radix)---把字符串s根据radix(进制)转成对应的整数
int row = Integer.parseInt(Character.toString(Sinput.charAt(0)) + Sinput.charAt(5), 2);
int column = Integer.parseInt(Sinput.substring(1, 5), 2);
StringBuffer Soutput = new StringBuffer(Integer.toBinaryString(SBox[i][row * 16 + column]));
while (Soutput.length() < 4) {//小于四位要添0
Soutput.insert(0, 0);
}
sBox.append(Soutput);
}
//P置换
sBox = P(sBox);
return sBox;
}
5.迭代函数
//16轮迭代
public StringBuffer iteration(StringBuffer L, StringBuffer R, int mode) {
StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
StringBuffer[] subkey = getSubkey(); //获取子密钥
//mode == 1 解密 密钥反转
if (mode == 1) {
StringBuffer[] tmp = getSubkey(); //mode ==1
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
subkey[i] = tmp[15 - i];
// System.out.println(i+"轮密钥:"+subkey[i]);
}
}
//查看密钥
// for (int i =0;i<16;i++){
// System.out.println(i+"轮密钥:"+subkey[i]);
// }
//16轮循环
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
StringBuffer Ltmp = new StringBuffer(L);
StringBuffer Rtmp = new StringBuffer(R);
//右边的赋给左边
L.replace(0, 32, R.toString());
//F轮函数
StringBuffer Fstring = F(Rtmp, subkey[i]);
//Fstring异或R
for (int j = 0; j < 32; j++) {
R.replace(j, j + 1, (Fstring.charAt(j) == Ltmp.charAt(j) ? "0" : "1"));
}
}
//循环结束后左右交换
StringBuffer RL = new StringBuffer(R.toString() + L.toString());
//终止置换
RL = Final(RL);
return RL;
}
四、数据结构
StringBuffer plaintext
:明文字符串
StringBuffer ciphertext
:密文字符串
StringBuffer key
:密钥字符串
int [] IP
:初始置换表
int [] IPReverse
:终止置换表
int [] E
:扩展置换表
int [] P
:P置换表
int [] PC1
:PC1置换表
int [] PC2
:PC2置换表
int [][] SBox
:S盒置换表
五、运行结果
六、源代码
package DES;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Demo {
private StringBuffer plaintext; //明文字符串64 bits----8 bytes
private StringBuffer ciphertext; //密文字符串64 bits----8 bytes
private StringBuffer key; //密钥字符串64 bits ----8 bytes
public StringBuffer getPlaintext() {
return plaintext;
}
public void setPlaintext(StringBuffer plaintext) {
this.plaintext = plaintext;
}
public StringBuffer getCiphertext() {
return ciphertext;
}
public void setCiphertext(StringBuffer ciphertext) {
this.ciphertext = ciphertext;
}
public StringBuffer getKey() {
return key;
}
public void setKey(StringBuffer key) {
this.key = key;
}
//IP置换
private static final int[] IP = {
58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18, 10, 2,
60, 52, 44, 36, 28, 20, 12, 4,
62, 54, 46, 38, 30, 22, 14, 6,
64, 56, 48, 40, 32, 24, 16, 8,
57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9, 1,
59, 51, 43, 35, 27, 19, 11, 3,
61, 53, 45, 37, 29, 21, 13, 5,
63, 55, 47, 39, 31, 23, 15, 7
};
//IP逆置换
private static final int[] IPReverse = {
40, 8, 48, 16, 56, 24, 64, 32,
39, 7, 47, 15, 55, 23, 63, 31,
38, 6, 46, 14, 54, 22, 62, 30,
37, 5, 45, 13, 53, 21, 61, 29,
36, 4, 44, 12, 52, 20, 60, 28,
35, 3, 43, 11, 51, 19, 59, 27,
34, 2, 42, 10, 50, 18, 58, 26,
33, 1, 41, 9, 49, 17, 57, 25};
// E位选择表(扩展置换表)
private static final int[] E = {
32, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 1};
//P换位表(单纯换位表)
private static final int[] P = {
16, 7, 20, 21,
29, 12, 28, 17,
1, 15, 23, 26,
5, 18, 31, 10,
2, 8, 24, 14,
32, 27, 3, 9,
19, 13, 30, 6,
22, 11, 4, 25};
//PC1
private static final int[] PC1 = {
57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9,
1, 58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18,
10, 2, 59, 51, 43, 35, 27,
19, 11, 3, 60, 52, 44, 36,
63, 55, 47, 39, 31, 23, 15,
7, 62, 54, 46, 38, 30, 22,
14, 6, 61, 53, 45, 37, 29,
21, 13, 5, 28, 20, 12, 4};
// PC2
private static final int[] PC2 = {
14, 17, 11, 24, 1, 5,
3, 28, 15, 6, 21, 10,
23, 19, 12, 4, 26, 8,
16, 7, 27, 20, 13, 2,
41, 52, 31, 37, 47, 55,
30, 40, 51, 45, 33, 48,
44, 49, 39, 56, 34, 53,
46, 42, 50, 36, 29, 32};
// SBox
private static final int[][] SBox = {
// S1
{14, 4, 13, 1, 2, 15, 11, 8, 3, 10, 6, 12, 5, 9, 0, 7,
0, 15, 7, 4, 14, 2, 13, 1, 10, 6, 12, 11, 9, 5, 3, 8,
4, 1, 14, 8, 13, 6, 2, 11, 15, 12, 9, 7, 3, 10, 5, 0,
15, 12, 8, 2, 4, 9, 1, 7, 5, 11, 3, 14, 10, 0, 6, 13},
// S2
{15, 1, 8, 14, 6, 11, 3, 4, 9, 7, 2, 13, 12, 0, 5, 10,
3, 13, 4, 7, 15, 2, 8, 14, 12, 0, 1, 10, 6, 9, 11, 5,
0, 14, 7, 11, 10, 4, 13, 1, 5, 8, 12, 6, 9, 3, 2, 15,
13, 8, 10, 1, 3, 15, 4, 2, 11, 6, 7, 12, 0, 5, 14, 9},
// S3
{10, 0, 9, 14, 6, 3, 15, 5, 1, 13, 12, 7, 11, 4, 2, 8,
13, 7, 0, 9, 3, 4, 6, 10, 2, 8, 5, 14, 12, 11, 15, 1,
13, 6, 4, 9, 8, 15, 3, 0, 11, 1, 2, 12, 5, 10, 14, 7,
1, 10, 13, 0, 6, 9, 8, 7, 4, 15, 14, 3, 11, 5, 2, 12},
// S4
{7, 13, 14, 3, 0, 6, 9, 10, 1, 2, 8, 5, 11, 12, 4, 15,
13, 8, 11, 5, 6, 15, 0, 3, 4, 7, 2, 12, 1, 10, 14, 9,
10, 6, 9, 0, 12, 11, 7, 13, 15, 1, 3, 14, 5, 2, 8, 4,
3, 15, 0, 6, 10, 1, 13, 8, 9, 4, 5, 11, 12, 7, 2, 14},
// S5
{2, 12, 4, 1, 7, 10, 11, 6, 8, 5, 3, 15, 13, 0, 14, 9,
14, 11, 2, 12, 4, 7, 13, 1, 5, 0, 15, 10, 3, 9, 8, 6,
4, 2, 1, 11, 10, 13, 7, 8, 15, 9, 12, 5, 6, 3, 0, 14,
11, 8, 12, 7, 1, 14, 2, 13, 6, 15, 0, 9, 10, 4, 5, 3},
// S6
{12, 1, 10, 15, 9, 2, 6, 8, 0, 13, 3, 4, 14, 7, 5, 11,
10, 15, 4, 2, 7, 12, 9, 5, 6, 1, 13, 14, 0, 11, 3, 8,
9, 14, 15, 5, 2, 8, 12, 3, 7, 0, 4, 10, 1, 13, 11, 6,
4, 3, 2, 12, 9, 5, 15, 10, 11, 14, 1, 7, 6, 0, 8, 13},
// S7
{4, 11, 2, 14, 15, 0, 8, 13, 3, 12, 9, 7, 5, 10, 6, 1,
13, 0, 11, 7, 4, 9, 1, 10, 14, 3, 5, 12, 2, 15, 8, 6,
1, 4, 11, 13, 12, 3, 7, 14, 10, 15, 6, 8, 0, 5, 9, 2,
6, 11, 13, 8, 1, 4, 10, 7, 9, 5, 0, 15, 14, 2, 3, 12},
// S8
{13, 2, 8, 4, 6, 15, 11, 1, 10, 9, 3, 14, 5, 0, 12, 7,
1, 15, 13, 8, 10, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 6, 11, 0, 14, 9, 2,
7, 11, 4, 1, 9, 12, 14, 2, 0, 6, 10, 13, 15, 3, 5, 8,
2, 1, 14, 7, 4, 10, 8, 13, 15, 12, 9, 0, 3, 5, 6, 11}};
//StringBuffer转成二进制
public StringBuffer stringBufferToBinary(StringBuffer s) {
StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
StringBuffer stmp = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
stmp = new StringBuffer(Integer.toBinaryString(s.charAt(i)));
while (stmp.length() < 8) { //转成8位二进制
stmp.insert(0, 0);
}
//System.out.println(stmp);
res.append(stmp);
}
return res;
}
//二进制字符串转成字符64->8
//int column = Integer.parseInt(Sinput.substring(1, 5), 2);
public StringBuffer BinaryTostringBuffer(StringBuffer s) {
StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
int t = Integer.parseInt(s.substring(i * 8, (i + 1) * 8), 2);
res.append((char) t);
}
return res;
}
//初始置换IP
public StringBuffer Initial(StringBuffer r) {
StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
res.append(r.charAt(IP[i] - 1)); //数组的索引是从0开始的
}
return res;
}
//终止置换IP
public StringBuffer Final(StringBuffer r) {
StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
res.append(r.charAt(IPReverse[i] - 1)); //数组的索引是从0开始的
}
return res;
}
//P置换
public StringBuffer P(StringBuffer r) {
StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
res.append(r.charAt(P[i] - 1)); //数组的索引是从0开始的
}
return res;
}
//扩展置换(E表)
public StringBuffer Extent(StringBuffer r) {
StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 48; i++) {
res.append(r.charAt(E[i] - 1)); //数组的索引是从0开始的
}
return res;
}
//密钥生成
public StringBuffer[] getSubkey() {
StringBuffer keyBinary = new StringBuffer(stringBufferToBinary(key)); //把密钥转成二进制
StringBuffer subkey[] = new StringBuffer[16]; //subkey数组用来存储子密钥
StringBuffer C0 = new StringBuffer(); //左密钥
StringBuffer D0 = new StringBuffer(); //右密钥
//PC1置换(64 bits --> 56 bits)
for (int i = 0; i < 28; i++) {
C0.append(keyBinary.charAt(PC1[i] - 1));
D0.append(keyBinary.charAt(PC1[i + 28] - 1));
}
//16轮循环生成子密钥
//16轮移位操作,每轮左移一位,特殊情况左移两位(查看密钥移位表)
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
//把第一位删了添加到最后一位
char tmp;
tmp = C0.charAt(0);
C0.deleteCharAt(0);
C0.append(tmp);
tmp = D0.charAt(0);
D0.deleteCharAt(0);
D0.append(tmp);
//特殊位置左移两位
if (i != 0 && i != 1 && i != 8 && i != 15) {
tmp = C0.charAt(0);
C0.deleteCharAt(0);
C0.append(tmp);
tmp = D0.charAt(0);
D0.deleteCharAt(0);
D0.append(tmp);
}
//左右合并
StringBuffer CODO = new StringBuffer(C0.toString() + D0.toString());
//PC2置换
StringBuffer C0D0tmp = new StringBuffer();
for (int j = 0; j < 48; j++) {
C0D0tmp.append(CODO.charAt(PC2[j] - 1));
}
subkey[i] = C0D0tmp;
// System.out.println(i + "轮密钥:" + subkey[i]);
}
return subkey;
}
//f轮函数
public StringBuffer F(StringBuffer R, StringBuffer subkey) {
StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
//E盒扩展
res = Extent(R);
//异或运算
for (int i = 0; i < 48; i++) {
res.replace(i, i + 1, (res.charAt(i) == subkey.charAt(i) ? "0" : "1"));
}
//S盒压缩
StringBuffer sBox = new StringBuffer(); //sBox用来接收压缩后的32 bits
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
String Sinput = res.substring(i * 6, (i + 1) * 6);
//首尾两位转化为行,中间四位转化为列
//parseInt(String s,int radix)---把字符串s根据radix(进制)转成对应的整数
int row = Integer.parseInt(Character.toString(Sinput.charAt(0)) + Sinput.charAt(5), 2);
int column = Integer.parseInt(Sinput.substring(1, 5), 2);
StringBuffer Soutput = new StringBuffer(Integer.toBinaryString(SBox[i][row * 16 + column]));
while (Soutput.length() < 4) {//小于四位要添0
Soutput.insert(0, 0);
}
sBox.append(Soutput);
}
//P置换
sBox = P(sBox);
return sBox;
}
//16轮迭代
public StringBuffer iteration(StringBuffer L, StringBuffer R, int mode) {
StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
StringBuffer[] subkey = getSubkey(); //获取子密钥
//mode == 1 解密 密钥反转
if (mode == 1) {
StringBuffer[] tmp = getSubkey(); //mode ==1
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
subkey[i] = tmp[15 - i];
// System.out.println(i+"轮密钥:"+subkey[i]);
}
}
//查看密钥
// for (int i =0;i<16;i++){
// System.out.println(i+"轮密钥:"+subkey[i]);
// }
//16轮循环
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
StringBuffer Ltmp = new StringBuffer(L);
StringBuffer Rtmp = new StringBuffer(R);
//右边的赋给左边
L.replace(0, 32, R.toString());
//F轮函数
StringBuffer Fstring = F(Rtmp, subkey[i]);
//Fstring异或R
for (int j = 0; j < 32; j++) {
R.replace(j, j + 1, (Fstring.charAt(j) == Ltmp.charAt(j) ? "0" : "1"));
}
}
//循环结束后左右交换
StringBuffer RL = new StringBuffer(R.toString() + L.toString());
//终止置换
RL = Final(RL);
return RL;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("----DES----");
Demo instance = new Demo();//创建实例
StringBuffer plain = new StringBuffer(); //录入明文
String tmp = ""; //用来临时录入明文密文
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入明文:");
tmp = sc.next();
plain.append(tmp);
instance.setPlaintext(plain);
System.out.println("明文:" + instance.getPlaintext());
//密钥产生
System.out.println("输入密钥:");
tmp = sc.next();
StringBuffer mykey = new StringBuffer();
mykey.append(tmp);
instance.setKey(mykey);
System.out.println("密钥:" + instance.getKey());
//测试加密
System.out.println("-----DES加密-----");
plain = instance.stringBufferToBinary(instance.getPlaintext()); //明文转成二进制(8->64)
//System.out.println("二进制明文:" + plain);
plain = instance.Initial(plain); //初始置换
//System.out.println("初始置换后:" + plain);
//明文分为左右两部分
StringBuffer L = new StringBuffer(plain.substring(0, 32));
StringBuffer R = new StringBuffer(plain.substring(32, 64));
// System.out.println("L=:" + L);
// System.out.println("R=:" + R);
//16轮迭代
plain = instance.iteration(L, R, 0);//plain是加密后的二进制密文
System.out.println("迭代后:" + plain);
System.out.println("密文:" + instance.BinaryTostringBuffer(plain));
//测试解密
System.out.println("-----DES解密-----");
plain = instance.Initial(plain); //初始置换
L = new StringBuffer(plain.substring(0, 32));
R = new StringBuffer(plain.substring(32, 64));
// System.out.println("L=:" + L);
// System.out.println("R=:" + R);
plain = instance.iteration(L, R, 1);//plain是解密后的二进制密文
System.out.println("迭代后:" + plain);
System.out.println("明文:" + instance.BinaryTostringBuffer(plain));
}
}
/*
aaaaaaaa
-----------
abcdabcd
abcdabcd:
abcdabcd:
----------
abcdefgh
*/
七、分析总结和参考资料
1.总结
这个只是个粗略的实现,测试时明文和密钥只能是8个字母,后续还可以改进。
2.参考资料
https://blog.csdn.net/jankingmeaning/article/details/84679022