android应用 | 编写一个聊天界面

1. 导入依赖

2. 编写主界面activity_main.xml

包含recyclerview、文本编辑框和按钮。其中recyclerview用于显示和隐藏已发送的消息。

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#d8e0e8">
    <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/msg_recycle_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        />
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">


        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/input_text"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:hint="Type something here"
            android:maxLines="2"
            />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/send"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="Send"
            />
    </LinearLayout>

3.定义消息类Msg。

其中只有content和type两个字段。表示类型，type表示消息类型（received和send）。

package com.example.uibestpractice;

public class Msg {
    public static final int TYPE_RECEIVED = 0;
    public static final  int TYPE_SENT = 1;
    private String content;
    private int type;
    public  Msg(String content, int type){
        this.content = content;
        this.type = type;
        }
    public String getContent(){
        return content;
    }
    public int getType(){
        return type;
    }
}

4.定义recyclerView子项的布局msg_item.xml，背景图没设，暂时还没搞清楚ninepatch

布局分为左右两块，左边显示接收的信息，右边是发送的信息。通过设置可见属性来控制是否显示。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:padding="10dp">
    
    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/left_layout"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="left"
        >
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/left_msg"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:layout_margin="10dp"
        />
    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/right_layout"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="right"
        android:background="@drawable/ic_launcher_foreground">
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/right_msg"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:layout_margin="10dp"/>
    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

5. 创建适配器，新建MsgAdapter

package com.example.uibestpractice;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
import java.util.List;
public class MsgAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MsgAdapter.ViewHolder> {
    private List<Msg> mMsgList;
    static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        LinearLayout leftLayout;
        LinearLayout rightLayout;
        TextView leftMsg;
        TextView rightMsg;
        public ViewHolder(View view){
            super(view);
            leftLayout = (LinearLayout) view.findViewById(R.id.left_layout);
            rightLayout = (LinearLayout) view.findViewById(R.id.right_layout);
            leftMsg= (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.left_msg);
            rightMsg= (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.right_msg);
        }
    }
    public MsgAdapter(List<Msg> msgList){
        mMsgList = msgList;
    }
    @Override
    public MsgAdapter.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.msg_item,parent, false);
        return new ViewHolder(view);
    }
    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {
        Msg msg = mMsgList.get(position);
        //如果收到消息，隐藏右边的布局，显示左边的布局信息
        if(msg.getType() == Msg.TYPE_RECEIVED){
            holder.leftLayout.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            holder.rightLayout.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            holder.leftMsg.setText(msg.getContent());
        }else if(msg.getType() == Msg.TYPE_SENT){
            holder.rightLayout.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            holder.leftLayout.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            holder.rightMsg.setText(msg.getContent());
        }
        }
    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return mMsgList.size();
    }
}

6. 在主活动初始化数据，给按钮添加响应。

package com.example.uibestpractice;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private List<Msg> msgList = new ArrayList<>();
    private EditText  inputText;
    private Button send;
    private RecyclerView msgRecyclerView;
    private MsgAdapter adapter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //初始化消息
        initMsgs();
        //建立输入的数据实例
        inputText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.input_text);
        //获取send按钮的实例
        send = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
        
        msgRecyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.msg_recycle_view);
        LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        msgRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        
        //给适配器数据
        adapter = new MsgAdapter(msgList);
        msgRecyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
        
        send.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
            //把输入赋给content
                String content = inputText.getText().toString();
                //非空的时候把消息给msg
                if (!"".equals(content)){
                    Msg msg = new Msg(content,Msg.TYPE_SENT);
                    msgList.add(msg);
                    //当有新消息的时候，刷新recyclerview中的显示,告知有新消息插入
                    adapter.notifyItemInserted(msgList.size() - 1); 
                    //将recyclerview定位到最后一行
                    msgRecyclerView.scrollToPosition(msgList.size() - 1); 
                    inputText.setText("");//清空输入框
                }

            }
        });
    }

//初始化的数据
    private void initMsgs() {
        Msg msg1 = new Msg("Hello guy.",Msg.TYPE_RECEIVED);
        msgList.add(msg1);
        Msg msg2 = new Msg("Hello. Who is that?",Msg.TYPE_SENT);
        msgList.add(msg2);
        Msg msg3 = new Msg("This is Tom. Nice talking to you",Msg.TYPE_RECEIVED) ;
        msgList.add(msg3);
    }
}