Hystrix服务降级、熔断器

Hystrix的基本使用

新建生产者模块

POM导入

<dependencies>
        <!--hystrix-->
        <dependency>
        
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--eureka client-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

yml配置

server:
  port: 8001

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-provider-hystrix-payment

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
      #defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka 
      #集群配置
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka  #单机

主启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableCircuitBreaker		//开启服务熔断功能
public class PaymentHystrixMain8001
{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrixMain8001.class, args);
    }


    /**
     *此配置是为了服务监控而配置，与服务容错本身无关，springcloud升级后的坑
     *ServletRegistrationBean因为springboot的默认路径不是"/hystrix.stream"，
     *只要在自己的项目里配置上下面的servlet就可以了
     */
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean getServlet() {
        HystrixMetricsStreamServlet streamServlet = new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet();
        ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(streamServlet);
        registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
        registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/hystrix.stream");
        registrationBean.setName("HystrixMetricsStreamServlet");
        return registrationBean;
    }//该断配置为尚硅谷老师周阳所总结出来，加上才能正常使用服务熔断功能
}

业务类编写

节约时间就直接写了service层的实现类，跟着周阳老师的课一点一点敲的

@Service
public class PaymentService
{

    public String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id)
    {
        return "线程池:  "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"  paymentInfo_OK,id:  "+id+"\t"+"O(∩_∩)O哈哈~";
    }

    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value="5000")
    })
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id)
    {
        //int age = 10/0;
        try {
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(3000);
        }
        catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "线程池:  "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" id:  "+id+"\t"+"O(∩_∩)O哈哈~"+"  耗时(秒): "+3;
    }
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler(Integer id)
    {
        return "线程池:  "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"  8001系统繁忙或者运行报错，请稍后再试,id:  "+id+"\t"+"o(╥﹏╥)o";
    }

    //=====服务熔断
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.enabled",value = "true"),// 是否开启断路器
            @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold",value = "10"),// 请求次数
            @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds",value = "10000"), // 时间窗口期
            @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage",value = "60"),// 失败率达到多少后跳闸
    })
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
    {
        if(id < 0)
        {
            throw new RuntimeException("******id 不能负数");
        }
        String serialNumber = IdUtil.simpleUUID();

        return Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"调用成功，流水号: " + serialNumber;
    }
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
    {
        return "id 不能负数，请稍后再试，/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~   id: " +id;
    }

}

controller层

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController
{
    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
    {
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_OK(id);
        log.info("*****result: "+result);
        return result;
    }

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
    {
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
        log.info("*****result: "+result);
        return result;
    }

    //====服务熔断
    @GetMapping("/payment/circuit/{id}")
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
    {
        String result = paymentService.paymentCircuitBreaker(id);
        log.info("****result: "+result);
        return result;
    }
}

消费者模块

POM

与前面生产者一致即可

yml配置

server:
  port: 80

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true		#允许开启hystrix服务

主启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients	//允许开启openfeign
@EnableHystrix		//允许开启hystrix功能
public class OrderHystrixMain80 {

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderHystrixMain80.class,args);
    }
}

业务类

controller层

@RestController
@Slf4j
@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "payment_Global_FallbackMethod")  //默认降级调用
public class OrderHystirxController
{
    @Resource
    private PaymentHystrixService paymentHystrixService;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
    {
        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_OK(id);
        return result;
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value="1500")
    })
    //@HystrixCommand                 //配置了得话就就近原则，没配置就使用默认的
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
    {
        //int age = 10/0;
        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
        return result;
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/circuit/{id}")
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
    {
        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentCircuitBreaker(id);
        log.info("****result: "+result);
        return result;
    }
    public String paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
    {
        return "我是消费者80,对方支付系统繁忙请10秒钟后再试或者自己运行出错请检查自己,o(╥﹏╥)o";
    }

    // 下面是全局fallback方法
    public String payment_Global_FallbackMethod()
    {
        return "Global异常处理信息，请稍后再试，/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~";
    }
}

@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value="5000")
    })

• 通过@HystrixCommand注解实现在Spring Cloud中使用Hystrix组件：包括通过@HystrixCommand调用服务，实现的方法fallback
• commandProperties配置 指定降级调用的方式，以及超时时长设置

 //=====服务熔断
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.enabled",value = "true"),// 是否开启断路器
            @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold",value = "10"),// 请求次数
            @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds",value = "10000"), // 时间窗口期
            @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage",value = "60"),// 失败率达到多少后跳闸
    })

该段代码为服务熔断相关的配置，还有许多参数

关于跳闸：Hystrix会有三个状态，开启、关闭、半开启，关闭状态即为正常状态，当失败率以及服务请求都达到或超过指定参数值时，便会转换为开启状态，进行服务熔断即可理解为不允许访问状态默认做出服务降低处理，当默认检查时间一到，便回转为半开启状态，放一个服务进去，若成功则关闭，若还是失败案列则继续开启重复以上操作。

全局服务降级方法

需要加入开启全局范围的降低调用，即有@HystrixCommand注解的方法出现了问题则回调用全局服务降级方法，若某方法自己配置了@HystrixCommand，则会采取就近原则

@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "方法名")  //默认降级调用

service层可以编写一个类，此类是用来处理所有类中方法的服务降级问题

@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT" ,fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
//写上fallback之后，若发生需要服务降级时会调用该类的方法处理，若不写则只是表示开启openfeign
public interface PaymentHystrixService
{
    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    @GetMapping("/payment/circuit/{id}")
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}

service实现类

@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentHystrixService  //此类是用来处理所有类中方法的服务降级问题
{
    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id)
    {
        return "-----PaymentFallbackService fall back-paymentInfo_OK ,o(╥﹏╥)o";
    }

    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id)
    {
        return "-----PaymentFallbackService fall back-paymentInfo_TimeOut ,o(╥﹏╥)o";
    }

    @Override
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker(Integer id) {
        return null;
    }
}

可以任意添加