Python之网络爬虫：lxml库读取本地xml文件并通过xpath语法解析文件

Python之网络爬虫：lxml库读取本地xml文件并通过xpath语法提取文件内容

本例主要为了处理一些xml文件，并从中提取需要的内容，十分简单高效，其中用到的知识点包括：python基本语法、xpath语法、python的lxml库。

1、先安装lxml库，pip install lxml
2、准备vga.xml文件
3、提取出标签为的内容

vga.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<gpuz_dump>
  <version>2.5.0</version>
  <card>
    <location>0:2:2</location>
    <cardname>Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600</cardname>
    <vendor>Intel</vendor>
    <vendorid>8086</vendorid>
    <gpuname>Haswell GT2</gpuname>
    <diesize>177</diesize>
    <processsize>22</processsize>
    <deviceid>0416</deviceid>
    <subsysid>178D</subsysid>
    <subvendor>ASUS</subvendor>
    <subvendorid>1043</subvendorid>
    <gpurevision></gpurevision>
    <biosversion></biosversion>
    <businterface>N/A</businterface>
    <directxsupport>12 (11_1)</directxsupport>
    <memtype>DDR3</memtype>
    <membuswidth>128</membuswidth>
    <memsize>0</memsize>
    <numrops>4</numrops>
    <numtmus>8</numtmus>
    <numshadersvertex></numshadersvertex>
    <numshaderspixel></numshaderspixel>
    <numshadersunified>20</numshadersunified>
    <driverversion>20.19.15.4549 / Win10 64</driverversion>
    <fillratepixel>1.6</fillratepixel>
    <fillratetexel>3.2</fillratetexel>
    <membandwidth>25.6</membandwidth>
    <clockgpu>400</clockgpu>
    <clockmem>800</clockmem>
    <clockshader></clockshader>
    <clockgpudefault>400</clockgpudefault>
    <clockmemdefault>800</clockmemdefault>
    <clockshaderdefault></clockshaderdefault>
    <clockgpuboost>1150</clockgpuboost>
    <clockgpuboostdefault>1150</clockgpuboostdefault>
    <multigpuname>Multi-GPU</multigpuname>
    <multigpu0>Disabled</multigpu0>
    <cuda>0</cuda>
    <opencl>1</opencl>
    <dxcompute>1</dxcompute>
    <physx>0</physx>
  </card>
  <card>
    <location>1:0:0</location>
    <cardname>NVIDIA GeForce GTX 850M</cardname>
    <vendor>NVIDIA</vendor>
    <vendorid>10DE</vendorid>
    <gpuname>GM107</gpuname>
    <diesize>148</diesize>
    <processsize>28</processsize>
    <deviceid>1391</deviceid>
    <subsysid>178D</subsysid>
    <subvendor>ASUS</subvendor>
    <subvendorid>1043</subvendorid>
    <gpurevision>A2</gpurevision>
    <biosversion>82.07.47.00.05</biosversion>
    <businterface>PCIe x16 3.0 @ x8 3.0</businterface>
    <directxsupport>12 (11_0)</directxsupport>
    <memtype>DDR3</memtype>
    <membuswidth>128</membuswidth>
    <memsize>2048</memsize>
    <numrops>16</numrops>
    <numtmus>40</numtmus>
    <numshadersvertex></numshadersvertex>
    <numshaderspixel></numshaderspixel>
    <numshadersunified>640</numshadersunified>
    <driverversion>23.21.13.8857 (NVIDIA 388.57) / Win10 64</driverversion>
    <fillratepixel>14.4</fillratepixel>
    <fillratetexel>36.1</fillratetexel>
    <membandwidth>28.8</membandwidth>
    <clockgpu>902</clockgpu>
    <clockmem>900</clockmem>
    <clockshader></clockshader>
    <clockgpudefault>902</clockgpudefault>
    <clockmemdefault>900</clockmemdefault>
    <clockshaderdefault></clockshaderdefault>
    <clockgpuboost>902</clockgpuboost>
    <clockgpuboostdefault>902</clockgpuboostdefault>
    <multigpuname>NVIDIA SLI</multigpuname>
    <multigpu0>Disabled </multigpu0>
    <cuda>1</cuda>
    <opencl>1</opencl>
    <dxcompute>1</dxcompute>
    <physx>0</physx>
  </card>
</gpuz_dump>

Python实例代码：

from lxml import etree
def parsexml():
     tree=etree.parse("D:\\vga.xml")
     for box in tree.xpath('//cardname'):
         print(box.text)
def main():
      parsexml()
if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()

将标签为内的内容提取出来，提取结果：

Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600
NVIDIA GeForce GTX 850M