文章目录
数据的增删改查
1. 增:INSERT
INSERT INTO tbl_name [(column [, column ...])]
VALUES(value [, value ...]);
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插入的数据必须与字段的数据类型相同
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数据的长度必须在列的规定范围为内
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在values中列出的数据位置必须与被加入的列的把排列位置相对应
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字符和日期型数据应该包含在单引号中,若字符串可以被转换成数值型,则可以在该字段内完成隐式转换
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列可以插入空值NULL,前提是该字段允许空值
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可以一条语句添加多条数据:
VALUES (…), (…), (…), …
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如果给表中所有字段添加数据,可省略字段名称
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存在默认值时,当插入的数据没有该字段的值,则默认添加为默认值;否则会报错:若某字段没有指定NOT NULL,当添加数据时没有给定该值,则默认将NULL插入到该字段
2. 改:UPDATE
UPDATE tbl_name
SET col_name1=expr1 [, col_name2=expr2, ...]
[WHERE where_definition]
- 若没有WHERE,则修改所有现存的条目(慎用!!!)
- 可以在一条语句中同时修改多个字段
3. 删:DELETE
DELETE FROM tbl_name
[WHERE where_definition]
- 若没有WHERE表达式,则删除所有数据条目。该操作不同于DROP TABLE语句
- 若要删除条目中某一列的值,应该使用UPDATE语句置空(NULL或者’')
4. 查:SELECT
SELECT [DISTINCT] *|{col_name1, col_name2, ...}
FROM tbl_name;
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DISTINCT可选,显示结果时去掉重复数据,只有查询结果所有字段相同时,才会去掉重复数据
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可以使用表达式对查询的列进行运算
SELECT * | {col_name1 | expression, col_name1 | expression, ...} FROM tbl_name
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使用AS语句,对查询结果的列名重命名
SELECT col_name AS 别名 FROM tbl_name
在where子句中常用的运算符
比较运算符
- > < <= >= = <> != 大于小于
- BETWEEN … AND … 在某一区间的值:闭区间
- IN(set) 在集合(列表)里的值
- [NOT] LIKE ‘pattern’ 模糊查询:‘王%’ 以王开头的字符串
- IS NULL 是否为空
逻辑运算符
- and 与
- or 或
- not 非
order by 子句排序查询结果
SELECT * | {col_name1 | expression, col_name1 | expression, ...}
FROM tbl_name
order by column asc|desc [, column asc|desc, ...]
-
column 指定排序的列
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asc 升序(默认),desc 降序
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order by子句应该在SELECT语句的结尾
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可以通过 , 实现多层次排序
练习
curd on table
CREATE TABLE `goods` (
id INT,
goods_name VARCHAR(10),
price DOUBLE);
insert
INSERT INTO `goods` (id, goods_name, price)
VALUES(10, 'HUAWEI', 2000);
INSERT INTO `goods` (id, goods_name, price)
VALUES(11, 'Apple', 1999);
INSERT INTO `goods` (id, goods_name, price)
VALUES(12, 'VIVO', 2199), (13, 'XIAOMI', 1999);
INSERT INTO `goods`
VALUES(14, 'OPPO', 2499);
INSERT INTO `goods` (id, goods_name, price)
VALUES('8848', '8848', 23999);
INSERT INTO `goods` (id, goods_name, price)
VALUES(11, 'Samsung', NULL);
SELECT * FROM `goods`
update
UPDATE emp SET salary = 5000
UPDATE emp
SET salary = 6000
WHERE user_name = 'Danfer'
INSERT INTO emp
VALUES(2, 'Haochen', '2021-06-01', '2021-06-01 15:25:59', 'sleeping for fun', 7000, '真他妈的牛逼,睡觉都能赚钱', 'h:\\haha.jpg')
UPDATE emp
SET salary = salary + 1000, job = 'sleeping and eating'
WHERE user_name = 'Danfer'
SELECT * FROM emp
delete
DELETE FROM emp
WHERE user_name = 'Danfer'
DELETE FROM emp
SELECT * FROM emp
select
CREATE TABLE score(
id INT,
`name` VARCHAR(20),
chinese INT,
math INT,
english INT);
INSERT INTO score
VALUES (1, '王123', 102, 135, 143),
(2, '东123', 116, 132, 142),
(3, '刘123轩', 108, 135, 140),
(4, '梁123', 106, 125, 138),
(5, '周123', 121, 113, 143),
(6, '刘456', 128, 138, 137);
SELECT * FROM score;
SELECT `name`, english FROM score;
SELECT DISTINCT english FROM score;
SELECT `name`, (chinese + math + english) FROM score;
SELECT `name`, (chinese + math + english) AS total FROM score;
SELECT * FROM score WHERE `name`='王123'
SELECT * FROM score WHERE chinese>=105
SELECT * FROM score WHERE (chinese+math+english)>=369
SELECT * FROM score WHERE chinese>110 AND math>120
SELECT * FROM score WHERE `name` LIKE '刘%'
SELECT * FROM score WHERE `name` LIKE '%轩' order by math
SELECT `name`, chinese, math, english, (chinese+math+english) as total FROM score order by total desc