hibernate的主键生成策略

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于 2019-08-29 22:24:23 发布

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文章标签： hibernate主键生成策略

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44106334/article/details/100147352

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一. hibernate的主键生成器:

generator元素：表示了一个主键生成器，它用来为持久化类实例生成唯一的标识。

1.1 程序员自己控制：assigned

1.2 数据库控制: identity(标识列/自动增长) sequence

1.3 hibernate控制:increment uuid/uuid.hex

1.4 其它:native

二.案例：

1. 主键生成器要求

1.1 assigned
数据类型不限、保存前必须赋值

1.2 identity(重点掌握)
数字，无需赋值

1.3 sequence(重点掌握)
数字，无需赋值，默认使hibernate_sequence这个序列，
也可以通过sequence/sequence_name参数赋值

1.4 increment
数字，无需赋值

1.5 uuid/uuid.hex (是由容器自动生成的一个32位的字符串，.hex代表的是十六进制)
32位的字符串，无需赋值，

1.6 native(重点掌握)
等于identity+sequence

6个案例总结

Student.hbm.xml

案例1. < !-- 由程序员控制 -->
Student.hbm.xml
< generator class=“assigned” />
stu.setSname(“小方”);
stu.setSid(81);
----结果：–81小方—

//案例2 < !-- 由程序员控制 -->
// < generator class=“assigned” />
// 数据库开自增长
// stu.setSname(“小方1”);
// stu.setSid(83);
// ----结果：–83 小方1—

案例3 < !–由hibernate控制的 -->
< generator class=“identity” />
stu.setSname(“小方1”);
stu.setSid(83);
------结果：84 小方1—

Worker.hbm.xml

//案例4. < !-- 由程序员控制 -->
// Worker.hbm.xml
// < generator class=“assigned” />
// worker.setWname(“百合”);
// worker.setWid(“adwafer”);
//-----结果：-adwafer 百合—

//案例5. < !-- hibernate控制 -->
// Worker.hbm.xml
// < generator class=“uuid” />
// worker.setWname(“百合”);
//worker.setWid(“adwafer”);
//-----结果：4028ab656cdc9b65016cdc9b694a0000百合

案例6.自定义生成主键策略.
Worker.hbm.xml
< generator class=“com.wxm.two.id.Myts”/>
worker.setWname(“百合”);
worker.setWid(“adwafer”);
Serializable addWorker = demoDao.addWorker(worker);
System.out.println(addWorker);
结果： t_book_category_2019-08-29 21:33:14百合

案例准备

2. 案例（重点）：自定义主键生成器

案例：myts
3.1 *.hbm.xml指定主键生成器类

< generator class=“com.wxm.two.id.Myts”/>

3.2 创建主键生成器类
实现org.hibernate.id.IdentifierGenerator接口即可,并还可以实现org.hibernate.id.Configurable接口来读取一些配置信息
PersistentIdentifierGenerator.TABLE
PersistentIdentifierGenerator.PK

  myts.class

package com.wxm.two.id;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.engine.spi.SharedSessionContractImplementor;
import org.hibernate.id.IdentifierGenerator;

public class Myts implements IdentifierGenerator{

	@Override
	public Serializable generate(SharedSessionContractImplementor session, Object object) throws HibernateException {
//		格式化日期
		SimpleDateFormat sFormat= new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
	
		return "t_book_category_"+sFormat.format(new Date());
	}


}

在这里插入图片描述

让我们上代码！！
pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.wxm</groupId>
  <artifactId>Hibernate_1</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>Hibernate_1 Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
 <properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
		<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
		<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
		<servlet.version>4.0.0</servlet.version>
		<hibernate.version>5.3.0.Final</hibernate.version>
		<mysql.driver.version>5.1.46</mysql.driver.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>${junit.version}</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>${servlet.version}</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>${mysql.driver.version}</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>Hibernate_1</finalName>
    <plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>3.7.0</version>
				<configuration>
					<source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
					<target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
					<encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
  </build>
</project>

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<!-- 1. 数据库相关 -->
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="connection.password">123</property>
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8
		</property>
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>

		<!-- 配置本地事务（No CurrentSessionContext configured!） -->
		<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>

		<!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
		<property name="show_sql">true</property>
		<property name="format_sql">true</property>

		<!-- 3. 添加实体映射文件 -->
		<mapping resource="com/wxm/one/entity/User.hbm.xml" />


		<!--讲解主键生成策略 -->
		<mapping resource="com/wxm/two/entity/Student.hbm.xml" />
		<mapping resource="com/wxm/two/entity/Worker.hbm.xml" />


	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

SessionFactoryUtils

package com.wxm.two.util;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
/**
 * 本工具类的作用
 * 1.简化代码的书写
 * 2.检测hibernate相关的配置是否正确
 * @author 20190808
 *
 */
public class SessionFactoryUtils {
	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
	static {
		Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
		sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
	}
	
	public static Session openSession() {
		Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
		if(session == null) {
			session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		}
		return session;
	}
	
	public static void closeSession() {
		Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
		if(session != null && session.isOpen()) {
			session.close();
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		System.out.println(session.isConnected());
		SessionFactoryUtils.closeSession();
		System.out.println(session.isConnected());
	}
}
Student 
```java
package com.wxm.two.entity;

public class Student {
 private Integer sid;
 private String sname;
public Student() {
}
public Integer getSid() {
	return sid;
}
public void setSid(Integer sid) {
	this.sid = sid;
}
public String getSname() {
	return sname;
}
public void setSname(String sname) {
	this.sname = sname;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
	return "Student [sid=" + sid + ", sname=" + sname + "]";
}
 
 
 
}

Student.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.wxm.two.entity.Student" table="t_hibernate_student">
		<id name="sid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="sid">
		
		<!-- 由程序员控制 -->
			 <generator class="assigned" />
		<!--由hibernate控制的  -->	
	<!-- 	<generator class="identity" /> -->
		
  		<!-- <generator class="increment" /> -->
        <!-- 由数据库控制 -->
			<!-- <generator class="sequence" /> -->
			<!-- <generator class="sequence" > <param name="sequence_name">aaa</param> 
				</generator> -->
			<!-- <generator class="com.wxm.two.id.Myts" /> -->
		</id>
		<property name="sname" type="java.lang.String" column="sname">
		</property>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

Worker

package com.wxm.two.entity;

public class Worker {
private String wid;
private String wname;
public String getWid() {
	return wid;
}
public void setWid(String wid) {
	this.wid = wid;
}
public String getWname() {
	return wname;
}
public void setWname(String wname) {
	this.wname = wname;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
	return "Worker [wid=" + wid + ", wname=" + wname + "]";
}

worker.hbm.xml
< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
< !DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
< hibernate-mapping>
	< class name="com.wxm.two.entity.Worker" table="t_hibernate_worker">
		< id name="wid" type="java.lang.String" column="wid">
		< !--  < generator class="uuid" />  -->
			< !-- < generator class="assigned" />  -->
			< !-- < generator class="sequence" /> -->
			< !-- < generator class="sequence" > < param name="sequence_name">aaa< /param> 
				< /generator> -->
			< generator class="com.wxm.two.id.Myts"/> 
		< /id>

		< property name="wname" type="java.lang.String" column="wname">
		< /property>
	< /class>
< /hibernate-mapping>

DemoDao

package com.wxm.two.dao;

import java.io.Serializable;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.wxm.two.entity.Student;
import com.wxm.two.entity.Worker;
import com.wxm.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;

public class DemoDao {
	/**
	 * 添加员工
	 * @param stu
	 * @return
	 */
 public Serializable addStu(Student stu) {
	 Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
	 Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
	 
	 Serializable save = session.save(stu);
	 
	 
	 transaction.commit();
	 SessionFactoryUtils.closeSession();
	 
	 return save;
 }
 
 /**
  * 添加员工
  * @param worker
  * @return
  */
 public Serializable addWorker(Worker worker) {
	 Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
	 Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
	 
	
	 Serializable save = session.save(worker);
	 
	 transaction.commit();
	 SessionFactoryUtils.closeSession();
	 return save;
 }
}

DemoDaoTest

== DemoDao Test为junit文件==
在这里插入图片描述

package com.wxm.two.dao;
   
import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.io.Serializable;

import org.junit.Test;

import com.wxm.two.entity.Student;
import com.wxm.two.entity.Worker;

public class DemoDaoTest {
private DemoDao demoDao=new DemoDao();
private Serializable addWorker;
	@Test
//	案例1.	<!-- 由程序员控制 -->
//	Student.hbm.xml
//	<generator class="assigned" />
//	stu.setSname("小方");
//	stu.setSid(81);
//	----结果：--81小方---
	
//案例2	<!-- 由程序员控制 -->
//	<generator class="assigned" />
//	数据库开自增长
//	stu.setSname("小方1");
//	stu.setSid(83);
//	----结果：--83 小方1---
	
//案例3  <!--由hibernate控制的  -->	
//	<generator class="identity" />
//	stu.setSname("小方1");
//	stu.setSid(83);
//	------结果：84 小方1---
	
  public void testAddStu() {
	Student stu=new Student();
	stu.setSname("小方1");
	stu.setSid(83);
	demoDao.addStu(stu);
	
	}
	//案例1.	<!-- 由程序员控制 -->
//	Worker.hbm.xml
//	<generator class="assigned" />
//		worker.setWname("百合");
//	worker.setWid("adwafer");
//-----结果：-adwafer 百合---
	
	//案例1.	<!-- 由程序员控制 -->
//	Worker.hbm.xml
//	<generator class="uuid" /> 
//	worker.setWname("百合");
//worker.setWid("adwafer");
//-----结果：4028ab656cdc9b65016cdc9b694a0000百合
	
	
//	案例2自定义生成主键策略.	
//	Worker.hbm.xml
//	<generator class="com.wxm.two.id.Myts"/> 
//	worker.setWname("百合");
//	worker.setWid("adwafer");
//	Serializable 	addWorker = demoDao.addWorker(worker); 
//	System.out.println(addWorker);
//	t_book_category_2019-08-29 21:33:14百合
	@Test
	public void testAddWorker() {
		Worker worker=new Worker();
		worker.setWname("百合");
		worker.setWid("adwafer");
		Serializable 	addWorker = demoDao.addWorker(worker); 
		System.out.println(addWorker);
	}

}

三.注意：

首先运行DemoDaotest
若是包错则！！

运行SessionFactoryUtils
按照提示检查

错误示范
在这里插入图片描述
根据提示找到了如下，改正并可

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hibernate的主键生成策略

一. hibernate的主键生成器:generator元素：表示了一个主键生成器，它用来为持久化类实例生成唯一的标识。1.1 程序员自己控制：assigned1.2 数据库控制: identity(标识列/自动增长) sequence1.3 hibernate控制:increment uuid/uuid.hex1.4 其它:native二.案例：1. 主键生成器要求1.1...
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