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常见的等价无穷小
x的一阶无穷小
x ∼ sin x ∼ tan x ∼ arcsin x ∼ arctan x ∼ ln ( 1 + x ) ∼ e x − 1 a x − 1 ∼ x ln a 1 + x n − 1 ∼ 1 n x ( 1 + x ) a − 1 ∼ a x x\sim\sin x\sim\tan x\sim\arcsin x\sim\arctan x\sim\ln(1+x)\sim e^x-1\\a^x-1\sim x\ln a\\\sqrt[n]{1+x}-1\sim \frac 1nx\\ (1+x)^a-1\sim ax x∼sinx∼tanx∼arcsinx∼arctanx∼ln(1+x)∼ex−1ax−1∼xlnan1+x−1∼n1x(1+x)a−1∼ax
x的二阶无穷小
1 − cos x ∼ 1 2 x 2 ⟹ 1 − ( cos x ) n ∼ n 2 x 2 ln ( 1 + x ) − x ∼ − 1 2 x 2 e x − 1 − x ∼ 1 2 x 2 1-\cos x\sim \frac 12x^2\quad\implies\quad1-(\cos x)^n\sim \frac n2x^2\\ \ln (1+x)-x\sim -\frac 12x^2\\ e^x-1-x\sim \frac 12x^2 1−cosx∼21x2⟹1−(cosx)n∼2nx2ln(1+x)−x∼−21x2ex−1−x∼