VLAN干道协议
VLAN干道协议的作用是通过学习,自动保持VLAN信息的一致。
VLAN干道协议的版本号初始为0,每修改一次增加1。无变化时,5分钟通告一次,版本号不变。
VLAN干道协议的三种模式:
服务器 | Server | 可创建、修改和删除VLAN, 发送VTP通告。 |
---|---|---|
客户端 | Client | 不能创建、修改和删除VLAN, 学习VTP通告并转发。 |
透明 | Transparent | 不学习VTP信息,但转发。可以独立创建、修改和删除VLAN信息,但只是本地有效。 |
注:
- 需保证两个交换机之间的链路为Trunk干道。因为VLAN信息(VTP通告)是通过Trunk干道传递的。
- 当一个新交换机(server 或client)加入网络时,必须要保证配置修订号为0,若高于原来的server,则新交换机的VLAN信息将覆盖原有VLAN信息。
- 修订号清为0的方法:1.改为透明模式,再改为服务器或客户端。2.改为其它域,再改回现有域。
搭建网络
将两个交换机与两个PC按上图连接。
先为S0添加VLAN2、3、4:
S0(config)#vlan 2
S0(config-vlan)#vlan 3
S0(config-vlan)#vlan 4
将PC1即f0/2划分至VALN2:
S0(config)#int range f0/2
S0(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
S0(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 2
查看S0的VLAN信息:
S0#show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5
Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9
Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17
Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21
Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
2 VLAN0002 active Fa0/2
3 VLAN0003 active
4 VLAN0004 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
2 enet 100002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
3 enet 100003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
4 enet 100004 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
为S0设置域名(aaaaa为自定义):
S0(config)#vtp domain aaaaa
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to aaaaa
为S0设置模式(设置为服务器):
S0(config)#vtp mode server
Device mode already VTP SERVER.
为S0设置密码(123456为自定义):
S0(config)#vtp password 123456
Setting device VLAN database password to 123456
为S1设置域名、密码,与S0相同:
S1(config)#vtp domain aaaaa
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to aaaaa
S1(config)#vtp password 123456
Setting device VLAN database password to 123456
将S1设置为客户端:
S1(config)#vtp mode client
Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode.
将S0、S1的f0/24接口模式更改为trunk:
S0(config)#int f0/24
S0(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/24, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/24, changed state to up
S1(config)#int f0/24
S1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
此时查看S1的VLAN信息:
S1#show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23
2 VLAN0002 active
3 VLAN0003 active
4 VLAN0004 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
2 enet 100002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
3 enet 100003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
4 enet 100004 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
可见VLAN干道协议仅将VLAN配置进行了学习,但相关端口位于哪个VLAN还需进行配置。
查看命令
查看端口是否工作在 trunk 模式下:
S0#show interfaces f0/24 switchport
Name: Fa0/24
Switchport: Enabled
Administrative Mode: trunk
Operational Mode: trunk
Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
Negotiation of Trunking: On
Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Voice VLAN: none
Administrative private-vlan host-association: none
Administrative private-vlan mapping: none
Administrative private-vlan trunk native VLAN: none
Administrative private-vlan trunk encapsulation: dot1q
Administrative private-vlan trunk normal VLANs: none
Administrative private-vlan trunk private VLANs: none
Operational private-vlan: none
Trunking VLANs Enabled: ALL
Pruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001
Capture Mode Disabled
Capture VLANs Allowed: ALL
Protected: false
Appliance trust: none
查看当前 VLAN 的数量:
S0#show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5
Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9
Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17
Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21
Fa0/22, Fa0/23
2 VLAN0002 active Fa0/2
3 VLAN0003 active
4 VLAN0004 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
2 enet 100002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
3 enet 100003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
4 enet 100004 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
查看 VTP 信息:
S0#show vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 0
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 8
VTP Operating Mode : Server
VTP Domain Name : aaaaa
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0x37 0x65 0x7C 0xA9 0x93 0x10 0x09 0xAC
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:04:18
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
查看 VTP 密码:
S0#show vtp password
VTP Password: 123456