scala005_Map与Tuple

1 创建Map

1.1 创建一个不可变的Map

不能修改value。

scala> val age = Map("Leo" -> 30,"Jen" -> 25,"Jack" -> 23)
age: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Leo -> 30, Jen -> 25, Jack -> 23)

scala> age("Leo")
res0: Int = 30

1.2 创建一个可变的Map

scala> val ages = scala.collection.mutable.Map("Leo" -> 30,"Jen" -> 25,"Jack" -> 23)
ages: scala.collection.mutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Jen -> 25, Jack -> 23, Leo -> 30)

scala> ages("Leo")
res1: Int = 30

1.3 使用另外一种方式定义Map元素

scala> val ages = Map(("Leo",30),("Jen",35),("Jack",23))
ages: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Leo -> 30, Jen -> 35, Jack -> 23)

1.4 创建一个空的HashMap

scala> val ages = new scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[String,Int]
ages: scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[String,Int] = Map()

scala> ages
res2: scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[String,Int] = Map()

scala> val ages = new scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[String,Int]()
ages: scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[String,Int] = Map()

scala>

2 访问Map元素

2.1 获取指定key对应的value，如果key不存在，会报错

scala> val ages = scala.collection.mutable.Map("Leo" -> 30,"Jen" -> 25,"Jack" ->40)
ages: scala.collection.mutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Jen -> 25, Jack -> 40, Leo -> 30)

scala> val age =ages("Leo")
age: Int = 30

scala> val age =ages("leo")
java.util.NoSuchElementException: key not found: leo
  at scala.collection.MapLike$class.default(MapLike.scala:228)
  at scala.collection.AbstractMap.default(Map.scala:59)
  at scala.collection.mutable.HashMap.apply(HashMap.scala:65)
  ... 32 elided

scala>

2.2 使用contains函数检查key是否存在

scala> val age = if(ages.contains("leo")) ages("leo") else 0
age: Int = 0

2.3 getOrElse函数

scala> val aeg = ages.getOrElse("leo",0)
aeg: Int = 0

3 修改Map的元素

3.1 更新Map元素

scala> ages
res5: scala.collection.mutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Jen -> 25, Jack -> 40, Leo -> 30)

scala> ages("Leo") = 31

scala> ages("Leo")
res7: Int = 31

3.2 增加多个元素

key是无序的，每次查看map，key都是随机排序的。

scala> ages += ("Mike" -> 35,"Tem" -> 50)
res8: ages.type = Map(Tem -> 50, Jen -> 25, Mike -> 35, Jack -> 40, Leo -> 31)

scala> ages
res10: scala.collection.mutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Tem -> 50, Jen -> 25, Mike -> 35, Jack -> 40, Leo -> 31)

3.3 移除元素

scala> ages -= "Mike"
res12: ages.type = Map(Tem -> 50, Jen -> 25, Jack -> 40, Leo -> 31)

scala> ages
res13: scala.collection.mutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Tem -> 50, Jen -> 25, Jack -> 40, Leo -> 31)

3.4 更新不可变的Map

key存在，就用新的值，生成一个新的map返回回来，不能修改最原始的Map，只能修改中间结果。如果之前存在key，那么就会修改之前的key对应的value到中间的map集合中。

scala> val ages = Map("Leo" -> 10,"Jen" -> 20,"Jack" -> 30)
ages: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Leo -> 10, Jen -> 20, Jack -> 30)

scala> val ages2 = ages + ("Mike" -> 40,"Tom" -> 50)
ages2: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Mike -> 40, Tom -> 50, Leo -> 10, Jack -> 30, Jen -> 20)

scala> val ages2 = ages + ("Leo" -> 31)
ages2: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Leo -> 31, Jen -> 20, Jack -> 30)

scala> ages
res14: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Leo -> 10, Jen -> 20, Jack -> 30)

3.5 移除不可Map的元素

对不可变Map，是不可改变的，但是可以通过一些操作，生成元素增删改后的新的集合。

scala> ages
res15: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Leo -> 10, Jen -> 20, Jack -> 30)

scala> val ages3 = ages - "Leo"
ages3: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Jen -> 20, Jack -> 30)

scala> ages
res16: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Leo -> 10, Jen -> 20, Jack -> 30)

scala> ages3
res17: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Jen -> 20, Jack -> 30)

scala>

4 遍历Map

4.1 遍历map的entrySet

scala> for((keya,valuea) <- ages) println(keya + " : " + valuea)
Leo : 10
Jen : 20
Jack : 30

4.2 遍历map的key和value

keySet values

scala> for(key <- ages.keySet) println(key)
Leo
Jen
Jack

scala> for(value <- ages.values) println(value)
10
20
30

scala>

4.3 生成新map，反转key和value

scala> for((key,value) <- ages) yield (value,key)
res24: scala.collection.immutable.Map[Int,String] = Map(10 -> Leo, 20 -> Jen, 30 -> Jack)

scala>

scala> val ages = scala.collection.mutable.Map("Jack" -> 1,"Leo" -> 2)
ages: scala.collection.mutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Jack -> 1, Leo -> 2)

scala> for((a,b) <- ages ) yield (a,b)
res25: scala.collection.mutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Jack -> 1, Leo -> 2)

scala> for((a,b) <- ages ) yield (b,a)
res26: scala.collection.mutable.Map[Int,String] = Map(2 -> Leo, 1 -> Jack)

scala>

5 SortedMap和LinkedHashMap

5.1 SortedMap可以自动对Map的key的排序

按照key进行排序

scala> val ages = Map("Jack" -> 1,"Leo" -> 2,"Jen" -> 3)
ages: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(Jack -> 1, Leo -> 2, Jen -> 3)

scala> val ages = scala.collection.immutable.SortedMap("Jack" -> 1,"Leo" -> 2,"Jen" -> 3)
ages: scala.collection.immutable.SortedMap[String,Int] = Map(Jack -> 1, Jen -> 3, Leo -> 2)

scala> val ages = new scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[String,Int]
ages: scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[String,Int] = Map()

scala> ages("Leo") = 30

scala> ages("Jack") = 31

scala> ages("Jen") = 23

scala> ages
res31: scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[String,Int] = Map(Jen -> 23, Jack -> 31, Leo -> 30)

5.2 LinkedHashMap可以记住插入entry的顺序

会记录插入的顺序，按照插入顺序排序

scala> val ages  = new scala.collection.mutable.LinkedHashMap[String,Int]
ages: scala.collection.mutable.LinkedHashMap[String,Int] = Map()

scala> ages("Leo") = 30

scala> ages("Jack") = 31

scala> ages("Jen") = 23

scala> ages
res35: scala.collection.mutable.LinkedHashMap[String,Int] = Map(Leo -> 30, Jack -> 31, Jen -> 23)

scala>

6 Map的元素类型-Tuple

6.1 创建、访问Tuple

scala> val t = ("Leo",30)
t: (String, Int) = (Leo,30)

scala> t._1
res36: String = Leo

scala> t._2
res37: Int = 30

6.2 zip操作

拉练操作，把两个数组，按照一对一对的方式拼起来

scala> val name = Array("leo","jack","jen")
name: Array[String] = Array(leo, jack, jen)

scala> val ages = Array(1,2,3)
ages: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3)

scala> val nameages = name.zip(ages)
nameages: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((leo,1), (jack,2), (jen,3))

scala> for((name,ages) <- nameages) println(name + " : "+ ages)
leo : 1
jack : 2
jen : 3

scala>