1 bject在这里插入代码片
所有实例对象共享的部分
object,相当于class的单个实例,通常在里面放一些静态的field或者method
第一次调用object的方法时,就会制动object的constructor,也就是object内部不在method中的代码;但是object不能定义接收参数的constructor
注意,object的constructor只会在其死一次调用时制定一次,以后再调用就不会再次执行constructor了
object通常用于作为单例模式的实现,或者放class的静态成员,比如工具方法
scala> :paste
// Entering paste mode (ctrl-D to finish)
object Person{
private var eyeNume = 2
println("this person object")
def getEyeNume = eyeNume
}
// Exiting paste mode, now interpreting.
scala> Person.eyeNume
<console>:14: error: variable eyeNume in object Person cannot be accessed in object Person
Person.eyeNume
^
scala> Person.getEyeNume
this person object
res8: Int = 2
scala> Person.getEyeNume
res9: Int = 2
scala>
2 伴生对象
如果游戏一个class,还有一个与class同名的object,那么就称这个object是class的伴生对象,class是object的伴生类。
伴生类和伴生对象必须存放在一个.cscala文件中
伴生类和伴生对象,最大的特点就在于,互相可以访问private field
scala> :paste
// Entering paste mode (ctrl-D to finish)
object Person{
private val eyeNum = 2
def getEyeNum = eyeNum
}
class Person(val name:String,val age :Int){
def sayHello = println("Hi, " +name+" ,I guess you are "+ age + " years old! "+" and usually you must have " + Person.eyeNum + " eyes.")
}
// Exiting paste mode, now interpreting.
defined object Person
defined class Person
scala> val c = new Person("Leo",20)
c: Person = Person@1efe439d
scala> c.sayHello
Hi, Leo ,I guess you are 20 years old! and usually you must have 2 eyes.
scala> Person.eyeNum
<console>:13: error: value eyeNum is not a member of object Person
Person.eyeNum
^
3 让object继承一个抽象类
object的功能其实和class类似,除了不能定义接收参数的constructor之外
object也可以集成抽象类,并覆盖抽象类中的方法。
抽象类:只给出来签名,没有实现
scala> :paste
// Entering paste mode (ctrl-D to finish)
abstract class Hello(var message:String){
def sayHello(name:String):Unit
}
object HelloImpl extends Hello("hello"){
override def sayHello(name:String) = {
println(message + "," +name)
}
}
// Exiting paste mode, now interpreting.
defined class Hello
defined object HelloImpl
scala> HelloImpl.sayHello("leo")
hello,leo
scala>
4 apply方法
object中非常重要的一个特殊方法,就是apply方法
通常在伴生对象中实现apply方法,并在其中实现构造伴生类的对象的功能
而创建伴生类的对象时,通常不会使用new Class的方式,而是使用Class()的方式,隐式地调用伴生对象的apply方法,这样会让对象创建更加简洁。
比如,Array类的伴生对象apply方法就实现了接收可变数量的参数,并创建一个Array对象的功能
scala> val a = Array(1,2,3,4)
a: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3, 4)
比如,定义自己的伴生类和伴生对象
scala> :paste
// Entering paste mode (ctrl-D to finish)
class Person(val name:String)
object Person{
def apply(name:String) = new Person(name)
}
// Exiting paste mode, now interpreting.
defined class Person
defined object Person
scala> val p1 = new Person("leo")
p1: Person = Person@27f1bbe0
scala> val p2 = Person("leo")
p2: Person = Person@4f20a5e0
scala>
5 main方法
就如同java中,如果运行一个程序,必须编写一个包含main方法类一样;在scala中,如果要运行一个应用程序,name必须有一个main方法,作为入口
scala中的main方法定义为def main(args:Array[String]),而且必须定义在object中
object HelloWorld{
def main (args : Array[String]){
println("Hello World!!!")
}
}
C:\Users\zhu\Desktop>scalac HelloWorld.scala
C:\Users\zhu\Desktop>scala HelloWorld
Hello World!!!
C:\Users\zhu\Desktop>
除了自己实现main方法之外,还可以继承App Trait,然后将需要在main方法中运行的代码,直接作为object的constructor代码;而且用args可以接受传入的参数
C:\Users\zhu\Desktop>scalac HelloWorld.scala
C:\Users\zhu\Desktop>scala HelloWorld
Hello World!
C:\Users\zhu\Desktop>scala HelloWorld "Leo"
Hello, Leo
object HelloWorld extends App{
if(args.length > 0) println("Hello, " + args(0))
else println("Hello World!")
}
如果要运行上述代码,需要将其放入.scala文件,然后先使用scalac编译,再用scala运行
scalac HelloWorld.scala
scala -Dscala.time HelloWolrd
App Trait的工作原理为:App trait继承自DelayedInit Trait,scalac 命令进行编译时,会把继承App Trait的object的constructor代码都放到DelayedInit Trait的delayedInit方法中执行
6 用object来实现枚举功能
scala没有直接提供类似于java中的Enum这样的美剧特性,如果要实现枚举,则需要object集成Enumeration类,并且调用Value方法来初始化枚举类型。
scala> :paste
// Entering paste mode (ctrl-D to finish)
object Season extends Enumeration{
val SPRING,SUMMER,AUTUM,WINTER = Value
}
// Exiting paste mode, now interpreting.
defined object Season
scala> Season.SPRING
res3: Season.Value = SPRING
scala> :aste
aste: no such command. Type :help for help.
scala> :paste
// Entering paste mode (ctrl-D to finish)
object Season extends Enumeration{
val SPRING = Value(0,"spring")
val SUMMER = Value(1,"summer")
val AUTUMN = Value(2,"autumn")
val WINTER = Value(3,"winter")
}
// Exiting paste mode, now interpreting.
defined object Season
scala> Season(0)
res4: Season.Value = spring
scala> Season(1)
res5: Season.Value = summer
scala> Season.SPRING.id
res6: Int = 0
scala> Season.SPRING.toString
res7: String = spring
scala> Season.withName("winter")
res8: Season.Value = winter
scala> for(ele <- Season.values) print(ele)
springsummerautumnwinter